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Art Auctions and Sales
Websites and Databases
Current and Recent Sales
Retrospective Sales
Auction Houses
Periodicals
Studies of the History of Art Auctions and Sales
For centuries the work of art has been a valuable commodity bought and
sold by collectors and dealers. This guide aims to provide an introduction
to resources for and about art auctions and the sale of art works. Unless
otherwise noted, books listed below are shelved in Sloane Art Library.
For additional sources not owned by the University Libraries, see the
section on sales records in Marmor and Ross, Guide to the Literature of Art
History 2, pp. 46-51 [READY REF N380.M376 2005]. Also, consult the New York
Public Library's very thorough online
Research Guide to Auction Indexes.
**Please note that catalogues for Christie's and
Sotheby's auctions are housed in Storage and may be accessed via a Storage Request Form.
An index of catalogues for the two auction houses can be found here. (Works best in Internet Explorer.)
Websites and Databases
The number of auction houses that perform online sales has grown
significantly in the past few years. Although most databases are fully searchable
only with a subscription, many do allow partial searches without one.
Artnet.com. (Subscription accessed via Art Library computer; inquire at desk.)
One of the earliest databases to provide access to international
fine art auction records. Offers sale results for more than 2 million
artworks sold through 500 auction houses in 28 countries since 1985.
More than 600,000 records contain color images. Sales are searchable
by artist name, auction house, title, medium, size, price, execution
date, and date of sale. Arnet.com also offers a newly developed database
of more than 38,000 African art sales records from 1927 to the present.
These records include works in various media sold internationally
through more than 90 auction houses. Both databases are available on
the internet by subscription.
SCIPIO (available locally at Duke University libraries)
Descriptive records of art auction and rare book catalogs for sales
from the late sixteenth century to schedule auctions not yet held.
Records include the dates and places of sales, the auction houses,
sellers, institutional holdings, and titles of works. Updated daily
with more than 740,000 records.
Getty Provenance Index
A crucial database for the study of art collecting practices of past centuries. The databases contain
indexed transcriptions of auction catalogs and archival
inventories of western European works of art, as well as nearly 1,000,000
records from the late 16th century to the early
20th century. The GPI is available free of charge via the Web.
Two new databases have been included in the most recent (1999) release:
Public Collections
and Provenance of Paintings. Public Collections contains cataloguing
information on the individual paintings, executed by artists born
before 1900, from a selection of American and British museums. The
Provenance of Paintings database comprises information on the provenance
of paintings from American and British collections found in the Public
Collections database.
These new databases join inventories of notable
seventeenth- and eighteenth-century Italian, Spanish, and Dutch
collections, as well as the contents of British (1801-1820), Belgian
(1801-1820), German (1690-1800), Dutch and French (1801-1810) painting
auctions of the nineteenth century.
ArtPrice.com (by subscription)
Auction results since 1986 for 309,000 artists. Also includes 36,000
artist's signatures, monograms and symbols. Fine art categories covered
include: painting, drawing, prints and posters, sculptures, tapestry,
miniatures, ceramics, and signed books.
Artfact.com (by subscription)
The Artfact website includes a section entitled 'Auction features'
which includes information on auction houses, upcoming auctions, and
a database of auction results available by subscription.
ArtBusiness.com
ArtBusiness.com provides art appraisals, consulting, art price data,
news, articles, and market information to art collectors, artists, and
fine arts professionals. The site's database contains over 3,500,000
price records, and biographical information for more than 300,000 artists.
Also lists many current art book and price reference reviews on their
reference page.
askART.com (by subscription)
AskART is an online database containing over 52,000 American artists
from the early 16th-Century through the present. Information includes
artists' biographies, methods and techniques, literature in which they are referenced, and auction lots of their works
sold or left unsold.
Gordon's Print Prices Online (by subscription)
Auction results from 1970 to the present for fine art, vintage photographs, and
books and periodicals with original photographs. More than 1.6 million
available records in all. Auction results for prints from 1985. See the CD-ROM version, located in the Art Library, as well.
Mayer's Guide
Database of 150,000 artists and over 45,000 sales from 950 auction houses
1987 to the present. The site may be used without a subscription, but
users are given only minimal information upon entering a query. Also see CD-ROM version in Art Library.
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Current and Recent Sales
Christie's review of the year (1969-75; 1996-2000)
N8660.C5 A36
An annual review of the most important sales at the auction houses
of Christie's in London and New York. Continues Christie's review of
the season. See section on auction houses below.
Davenport's art reference & price guide (2004)
READY REF N8670 .D384
Lists basic biographical and price information on over 250,000 artists.
Each listing includes the data such as birth and death dates, nationality,
media used (painting, sculpture etc.), subjects, auction prices, price ranges,
notations of specific auctions where the artist's art has sold, references to
books with additional biographical information, and approximate sizes of listings
in those books. Also included for the first time is a signature directory
containing over 1,000 signatures of artists before the twentieth century.
Gordon's print price annual
NE85 .G67 (1979-1985)
NE85 .C67 (1986-1996) Storage-Use Request Form
Ackland Print Room (1997-1998)
CD-ROM Serial 5-7 (1985-Current)
The most authoritative and comprehensive source
for international auctions of prints. Contains more than 20,000 entries
arranged alphabetically by artist and including title, medium, edition
size, date, references, measurements, indication of signature, edition
number, marginalia, and general condition. Sale information for each
entry gives the auction house, date of sale, lot number, and price in
currency of sale place as well as converted into U.S. dollar.
Gordon's photography price annual international (2000)
REF TR654 .G670
Lists sales of photographs at auction during
the 1999 calendar year. Each entry includes photographer's name, title
of the photograph or portfolio, description including date, dimensions,
auction house and location sold, date of auction and price paid in dollars
with the buyer's premium. Results of sales are listed in three different
currencies, including Euro.
Gordon's photography price annual international (1985-2006)
CD-ROM 5-11
This CD-ROM edition provides price information for 19th
and 20th century photographs as well as for books and periodicals containing
original photographs. It contains nearly 200,000 sales results for photographs
by over 15,000 photographers sold primarily at international auctions over the
past 20 years, but also includes many earlier dealer and auction selling prices.
Nearly 15,000 entries are brand new and date from the 2005 auction year. A typical
entry includes the photographer's name, title of the image, type of print,
information about the negative and date the image was printed, signature,
condition, additional annotations, auctioneer, catalogue number, and selling
price in dollars, pounds, euros, and the currency of the country where the
sale took place.
Lawrence's dealer print prices international (1992)
REF NE85.L18
Contains more than 22,000 entries from international
private print dealer catalogs. Includes contact information for all dealers
listed, a bibliography, and a listing of catalogues raisonnés
(which list all works by an artist).
Mayer's international auction records
REF N8670 .I153 (1968-)
CD-ROM 5-8 (1987-1997)
Over 60,000 sale results arranged alphabetically
by artist within chapters devoted to painting, prints, drawings, sculpture
and watercolors. An excellent comprehensive resource.
World collector's annuary(1946-1997)
ND47 .W6
Covers the sale of paintings, pastels, drawings,
gouaches and watercolors in all periods across a limited number of auction houses.
Primarily U.S. and Western European houses are addressed, but includes other
countries, such as Japan, Israel, Russia, and Sweden for those years. Contains
an alphabetical index for years 1946-1972.
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Annuaire international des ventes (1964-66)
N8670 .A55 Storage-Use online Request Form
Lists auctions for prints, drawings, watercolors,
gouaches, pastels, paintings, and sculpture of all periods.
In French; continued in English as International Auction Records.
Art at auction : a bibliographical listing of nineteenth-century
Canadian catalogues
REF N8605.C2 F74 2000
Art prices current (1928-73)
N8670 .A7 Storage-Use online Request Form
A record of sale prices at the principal London, Continental and
American auction rooms, including Christie's, Manson & Woods, and
Wilkinson & Hodge. There is an index to artists and engravers names.
Arts sales (1918-21)
REF N8675 .G7
Art sales from the early eighteenth
century to the early twentieth century (mostly old master and early
English pictures) compiled by Algernon Graves.
Beard, Michele. Encyclopedia of modern art auction prices. (1961-1969)
REF N6447 .B47
Covers artists since the Impressionists.
Gives title, date, dimensions, auction house and date, price. In addition
it gives a brief chronological summary of artist's career. Covers only artists
who had at least one work auctioned for $2,000 or more.
Blanc, Charles. Le trésor de la curiosité, tire des catalogues de ventes
de tableaux, dessins, estampes, libres, marbres, bronzes, ivories, terres cuites,
vitraus, médailles, armes, porcelains, meubles, émaux, laques et autres objets
d'art, avec diverses notes et notices historiques et biographiques.
N8675.B6
Compiled in 1857, Blanc's text reports sales of collections for the period
1737-1855. Arranged by collector, then by artist. Short discussions on
the collectors and the nature of collections often precede lists of works.
Includes indexes.
Corpus of paintings sold in the Netherlands during the nineteenth century.
REF ND47 .C67 1998
The first volume contains results from 182
sales held in Amsterdam, Rotterdam, Leiden, The Hague, Delft, and other
cities. Includes the results of substantial research on provenance and
private collections.
Graves, Algernon. Art sales from early in the eighteenth century
to early in the twentieth century (mostly old master and early English pictures)
REF N8675 .G7
In three volumes. Arranged alphabetically by
artist then chronologically.
International art market: current world market prices of art, antiques,
and objects d'art. (1961-69; 1974-1983)
Storage-Use Request Form
A fairly comprehensive index for sales of paintings,
drawings, watercolors, prints, miniatures, and sculpture in North
America and Europe. Includes annual compilations of records prices,
turnover, and works sold for more than one million pounds, and a
useful cross-index to artist names.
Leonard's price index of Latin American art at auction
REF N6502.L46 1999
Covers the past three decades of sales
results from all North American auction houses. Objects represent
all media and periods. Contains more than 1,000 biographies and
brief essays on Latin American art and artists in English. Includes
illustrations.
Mireur, Hippolyte. Dictionnaire des ventes d'art faites en France et à l'étranger pendant les XVIIIme & XIXme si`cles (1901-12)
REF: N8675 .M6
Important for documentation of eighteenth- and nineteenth-century works of art.
Includes paintings, drawings, prints, watercolors, miniatures, pastels,
gouaches, enamels, painted fans, and stained glass. Arranged alphabetically
by artist. Contains approx. 3,000 public sales, names of 30,000 artists,
and the prices of approx. 50,000 items. Seven volumes.
Répertoire des catalogues de ventes par Frits Lugt. (1938-1987)
REF N8650 .L8
Lugt's text covers a wide range of media
and objects beginning with the seventeenth century, including paintings,
medallions, drawings, tapestries, intaglios, antiquities, ceramics
and furniture. Four volumes, divided chronologically.
Verzeichnis der verkauften Gemälde im deutschsparchigen Raum vor 1800.
REF N3999 .K484 2002
Index of paintings sold in Germany prior to 1800.
Also available as part of Getty Provenance Index.
Other guides that provide retrospective data are:
|
Annuaire de l'art international (1986-97) |
N8610.A56 Storage-Use Request Form |
|
Art market guide: contemporary American art (1995-96) |
DAVIS N8680.A53 |
|
Art prices current (1928-39, 1941-54, 1965-73) |
N8670.A7 Storage-Use Request Form |
|
Auction prices of American antique paintings (1968-72) |
N8680.G37 |
|
Auction prices of American artists and auctions (1970-78) |
N6505.A92 |
|
Benezit's Dictionary of artists |
REF N40 .D5213 2006 |
|
Currier's price guide to American artists |
N6505.C87 1988 |
|
Dictionnaire des ventes d'art faites en France et à létranger
pendant XVIIme et XIXme siécles |
REF N8675.M6 |
|
Lawrence's dealer print prices. |
NE85.L18 |
|
Print prices current (1918-26, 1929/30, 1933/34) |
NE85.P7 |
|
Répertoire des catalogues de vents publiques interssant
de l'art ou la curiosité |
REF N8650.L8 |
|
Soulié, Louis. Les ventes de tableux, dessins et objets d'art au XIXe siècle,
1800-1895; essai de bibliographie. |
Z5949.F73 S68 |
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Auction Houses
There are hundreds of auction houses in the United States and Europe.
Below are some of the more important ones. Click on the name of the auction house to visit its website.
**Please note that both recent and past catalogues for Christie's and
Sotheby's auctions are housed in Storage and may be accessed via a Storage Request Form.
An index of catalogues for the two auction houses can be found here. (Works best in Internet Explorer.)
Bonhams & Brooks
One of the few surviving Georgian London auction houses, Bonhams was
founded in 1793 by Thomas Dodd, a renowned antique print dealer and
Walter Bonham, a book specialist. Expanded during the 1850s to handle
all categories of antiques including jewelry, porcelain, furniture,
arms & armor, and fine wines, Bonhams today is active in over 70 categories
embracing the entire spectrum of fine art, antiques and collectibles.
Today, Bonhams conducts over 700 sales a year, more than any of its
rivals worldwide.
Christie's
Founded in 1766, Christie's conducts international
auctions in over 80 categories-from fine art and furniture to clocks
and classic cars. Its auction houses are found across the globe.
Christie's has also published a variety of reviews of their auctions:
Christie's bi-centenary review of the year (1965-66)
Christie's review of the Year (1960-71)
Christie's Review of the Season (1972-75, 1978, 1980, 1882-92, 1995, 1997- )
N8660.C5 A36
Doyle Galleries
Founded in 1963, Doyle New York is one of the world's foremost
auctioneers and appraisers of fine art, jewelry, furniture, decorations
and a variety of other categories. Located in New York City, Doyle offers
approximately forty sales each year that attract a broad base of buyers
and consignors from around the world.
Drouot Galleries
Drouot is a decentralized aggregation of some 50 auction partnerships
owned by 110 auctioneers. Some 2,000 auction sales of approximately two
million items take place annually. That is roughly half the auction volume
in all of France.
Phillips Auctioneers
Located in Melbourne, Philips Auctions Australia hold regular special
catalogue sales of fine and decorative arts, and antique and
twentieth-century furniture. It also holds eight set special
decorative arts sales and jewelry Auctions per year.
Sotheby's
Sotheby's is the world's oldest international auction house in continuous
operation. The firm's offices in London and New York together have an
annual turnover of approximately two billion dollars. Sotheby's
was the first international art auction house to hold auctions on the internet.
Sotheby's publishes a newsletter (located in DAVIS periodicals, current year only)
that reports on upcoming auctions. It has also published a variety of reviews of
its auctions:
| Art at auction (1966-1992) |
N8640 .A7 |
| Sotheby's season (1959-61) |
N8610.S58 |
Sotheby's annual review (1961/62) |
N8610.S58 |
| Ivory Hammer (1964/65) |
N8610.S6 |
Swann Auction Galleries
Swann Galleries was founded in 1941 as an auction house specializing
in Rare Books. Today Swann has separate departments devoted to
Photographs, African-American Fine Art, Posters and Prints & Drawings,
in addition to Books, Maps & Atlases and Autographs.
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Periodicals
Many journals contain sections about recent and upcoming auctions:
| American Indian Art Magazine |
("Auction Block") |
| Apollo |
("Round the Auction House") |
| Art and Antiques |
("On the Market") |
| Art News |
("The Art Market") |
| Drawing |
("International Auction Review") |
| Nouvelle de l'estampe |
("Ventes Publiques") |
| Print Collectors Newsletter |
("International Auction Review") |
| Weltkunst |
("Auktionen") |
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Studies of the
History of Auctions and Sales
Below is just a sampling of the library's holdings. More sources can
be found by searching the Library's online catalog using "art auctions"
as a subject heading or keyword.
Lacey, Robert. Sotheby's : bidding for class. Boston: Little,
Brown & Co., 1998.
REF N6502.L46 1999
Traces the two centuries of Sotheby's
history, from its foundation to the present day. Plenty of accounts
of famous and wealthy collectors and the famous, sometimes curious
objects they have bought and sold.
Montias, John. Art at auction in 17th Century Amsterdam. Amsterdam:
Amsterdam University Press, 2002.
N8605.N4 M66 2002
Montias analyzes records of auctions
from the Orphan Chamber of Amsterdam through the first half of the
seventeenth century, revealing a wealth of information on some
2,000 art buyers' regional origins, social and religious affiliations,
wealth, and aesthetic preferences. Chapters focus not only on the art
dealers who bought at these auctions, but also on the cultural elite
who had special connections with individual artists.
Moulin, Raoul Jean. Le marché de la peinture en France. Paris:
Editions de Minuit, 1967.
N36301.M61 1967
Moulin's study incorporates extensive documentation on the commerce of painting
as it developed in nineteenth-century France and continued into the mid twentieth century.
Parker, John. Great art sales of the century. London: Pitman
Publishers, 1975.
N8602 .P37 1975
Somewhat dated but still valuable
analysis of the more famous and price-fetching sales of the twentieth
century.
Reitlinger, Gerald. The economics of taste. London: Barrie and Jenkins, 1970. 3 vols.
N8675.R44
A detailed study of the fluctuations of taste in collecting of works of art based on prices paid from 1750-1970.
Tikhonov, Aleksandr. Rynok i antikvariat : russkoe iskusstvo na zapade, 1985-2005.
Moscow: Ekonomika, 2006. N6984 .T55 2006
Watson, Peter. From Manet to Manhattan : the rise of the modern art market. New York: Random House, 1992.
N6447 .W3 1992
Watson entertainingly covers art scandals,
big deals and changing fashions, profiling such dealers as Ambrose
Vollard, Daniel Wildenstein and the notorious Joseph Duvenn as
well as collectors such as Gertrude Stein, Isabella Stewart
Gardner and Louisine Havemeyer. He also addresses the
current fierce rivalry between Sotheby's and Christie's.
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