Critical companion to the Russian Revolution, 1914-1921 / edited by Edward Acton, Vladimir Iu. Cherniaev, William G. Rosenberg. Bloomington : Indiana University Press, c1997

The Blackwell Encyclopedia of the Russian Revolution. Harold Shukman, ed. Oxford and New York, 1988. [Part 1 topically arranged; Part 2 contains biographies for the period 1860-1921]

Bol'shaia Sovetskaia entsiklopediia. 3rd ed. Moscow, 1970- [This was the standard Soviet reference work]

Britannica Online. Available ONLY from UNC-CH IP addresses.

Demograficheskii ezhegodnik SSSR (Moscow, 1990-)

Great Soviet Encyclopedia. New York, 1973- [English translation of the 3rd. edition, in Russian alphabetical order, with added index volumes in English alphabetical order]

Encyclopedia of Soviet Law. F.J.M. Feldbrugge, ed. 2 vols. Dobbs Ferry, 1973.

Entsiklopedicheskii slovar' ("Brokgauz"). St. Petersburg, 1890-1904. [This 41-volume standard work provides invaluable information on pre-revolutionary Russia. A second edition was cut short in mid-publication by war and revolution, but is of great use if the subject is alphabetically early enough]

Entsiklopedicheskii slovar' russkogo bibliograficheskogo instituta Granat. Iu.S. Gambarova, ed. (to vol. 33). Moscow, 1910-1948. [Though it is incomplete, this pre- and post-revolutionary encyclopedia contains a wealth of information, and attitudes clearly change over time. Vols. 1-55, 57-58]

Entsyklopediia ukrainoznavstva. Volodymyr Kubijovyc, ed. [5] vols. Toronto, 1984- [2 volumes have been published to date]

Ezhegodnik Bol'shoi Sovetskoi entsiklopedii. Moscow, 1957- [This yearly update includes short biographies of leaders and a review of the year's major events.]

Heohrafichna entsyklopediia Ukrainy. 3 vols. Kiev, 1989-

Illustrated Encyclopedia of the Strategy, Tactics, and Weapons of the Soviet War Machine. Stewart Menaul, consultant. London, 1980.

Jones, David R. The Military-Naval Encyclopedia of Russia and the Soviet Union. Gulf Breeze, 1978.

Kotel'nikova, N. E. Russkie karty i atlasy XVII-XIX.: Katalog vystavki k 57-I sessii IFLA (Moscow, 1991)

Krasnikova, G. A. Sovremennaia literatura po kartografii, 1988-1990: Bibliograficheskii ukazatel' (Leningrad, 1991)

Laird, Roy D. and Betty A. A Soviet Lexicon: Important Concepts, Terms, and Phrases. Lexington, MA, 1988. [Definitions of classic Sovietisms, Soviet neologisms, and Soviet Marxian rhetoric]

Lazic, Branko M., in collaboration with Milorad M. Drachkovitch. Biographical Dictionary of the Comintern. Hoover, 1986.

Menaul, Stewart. The Illustrated Encyclopedia of the Strategy, Tactics, and Weapons of Russian Military Power. New York, 1980.

Modern Encyclopedia of Religions in Russia and the Soviet Union. Paul D. Steeves, ed. [ ] vols. Gulf Breeze, 1988- [7 volumes published to date]. Changed title to Modern encyclopedia of religions in Russia and Eurasia beginning with v. 7.

Modern Encyclopedia of Russian and Soviet History. Ed. J. L. Wieczynski. Gulf Breeze, 1976- [Reference encyclopedia written by Western specialists. Quality of articles varies. Some are simple translations of SIE] Change of title to The Modern encyclopedia of Russian, Soviet and Eurasian history beginning with vol. 56.

Pribylovskii, V. Slovar' novykh politicheskikh partii i organizatsii Rossii (Moscow, 1991)

Pushkarev, Sergei G. Dictionary of Russian Historical Terms from the Eleventh Century to 1917. New Haven, 1970. [Although incomplete, this remains the most comprehensive historical dictionary.]

Sovetskaia istoricheskaia entsiklopediia. E.M. Zhukov, ed. Moscow, 1961-1969. [A 16-volume specialized encyclopedia covering Russian and world history.]

Sovetskaia Ukraina (Socioeconomic Reference Book) (Kiev, 1986)

Telberg, Ina. Russian-English Geographical Encyclopedia. New York, 1960. [Based on Bodnarskii's Slovar' geograficheskikh nazvanii. See other works compiled by Ina Telberg such as Soviet-English Dictionary of Legal Terms and Concepts]