Azbuchnyi ukazatel' imen russkikh deiatelei dlia Russkogo biograficheskogo slovaria. 2 vols. in 1. Vaduz, 1963. [Dictionary of state and public officials (50,000 entries) compiled in the 1880s. It was prepared as a preliminary listing of items covered in Russkii biograficheskii slovar'.]

Deiateli revoliutsionnogo dvizheniia v Rossii; bio-bibliograficheskii slovar': Ot predshestvennikov dekabristov do padeniia tsarizma. 10 vols. in 5. Moscow, 1927-1934; reprint edition, Leipzig, 1974. [Although incomplete, this remains an excellent guide. Entries include bibliographies.]

Deiateli SSSR i revoliutsionnogo dvizheniia Rossii: Entsiklopedicheskii slovar' Granat. Moscow, 1989. [Reprint of biographies from Granat encyclopedia. Brief biographies of major actors, just as Stalinist censorship was making itself felt]

Entsiklopedicheskii slovar' Russkogo bibliograficheskogo instituta Granat. Deiateli Soiuza Sovetskikh Sotsialisticheskikh respublik i oktiabr'skoi revoliutsii. 3 vols. in 1. Moscow, 1929.

Institut zur Erforschung der UdSSR. Who was Who in the USSR: A Biographic Directory Containing 5,015 Biographies of Prominent Soviet Historical Personalities. Metuchen, 1972.

Kaufman, Isaak Mihailovich. Russkie biograficheskie i biobibliograficheskie slovari. Moscow, 1955. [Guide to biographical dictionaries covering most fields other than politics. Emphasis is on writers and scholars]

Kto est' kto v russkom literaturovedenii: Spravochnik, compiled A. N. Nikoliukin et al. (Moscow, 1992)

Kto est' kto v sovremennoi kul'ture: Spravochnik, compiled S. Gandurin (Moscow 1992)

Masanov, Ivan Filippovich. Slovar' psevdonimov russkikh pisatelei, uchenykh i obshchestvennykh deiatelei. Moscow, 1956-1960. 4 vols. [Excellent dictionary of pseudonyms used by 19th-century figures.]

Narodnye deputaty SSSR: Spravochnik. Otv. red. V.V. Efanov. Moscow, 1990. [From the series of handbooks Kto est' kto ]

Parrish, Michael. Soviet Security and Intelligence Organizations, 1917-1990: A Biographical Dictionary and Review of Literature in English. New York, 1992.

Portraits of Prominent USSR Personalities. 4 vols. Metuchen, New Jersey, 1968-1971. [1968, also titled Prominent Personalities in the USSR, under the same call number except W534. Continues the series Who's Who in the USSR, below]

Rahr, Alexander G. A Biographical Dictionary of 100 Leading Soviet Officials. Munich, Washington, and Boulder, 1981, 1984, and 1990.

Russian S.F.S.R. Verkhovnyi sovet. Spisok narodnykh deputatov RSFSR: Na 12 fevralia 1991 g. Moscow, 1991. [From the series Kto est' kto ]

Russkii biograficheskii slovar'. St. Petersburg, 1896-1918. [A 25-volume reference work containing biographical sketches of important persons who died before 1893. Some volumes were never published.]

Sovet ministrov SSSR. V.V. Efanov, otv. red. Moscow, 1990. [From the series Kto est' kto ]

Soviet Biographical Service. Minneapolis, 1985- [Quarterly, 700 biographies to 1987. Poorly indexed]

Who's Who in Soviet Science and Technology. Ina Telberg, comp. New York, 1960.

Who's Who in Soviet Social Sciences, Humanities, Art and Government. Ina Telberg, comp. New York, 1961. [Based on the third edition of the Malaia sovetskaia entsiklopediia]

Who's Who in the Soviet Union: A Biographical Encyclopedia of 5,000 Leading Personalities in the Soviet Union. Borys Lewytzkyi, ed. Munich and New York, 1984. [To 1982]

Who's Who in the USSR. Montreal, 1961/62-1965/66. [Standard reference work. Name change to Portraits of Prominent USSR Personalities]

Biographical Sources (Stanford University)