Congressional committees may hold hearings to evaluate proposed legislation. Expert witnesses from government, industry, and public interest groups, as well as private citizens, offer statements and answer questions posed by Members. Testimony is transcribed and other related materials such as reports, exhibits, and newspaper articles, may be included in the printed hearing.

Committees do not convene hearings for all legislation. Keep in mind that many bills 'die in committee' when no further action is taken, whether a hearing is held or not. Not all hearings are public and not all public hearings are published.

Hearings are also held to conduct investigations and to provide oversight of government agencies for which a committee has jurisdiction.