Manuscripts Department
Library of the University of North Carolina
at Chapel Hill
SOUTHERN HISTORICAL COLLECTION
#4527
PHILIP GIBBON HAMMER PAPERS
Inventory
Abstract: Philip Gibbon Hammer, urban economist and city
planner of Atlanta, Ga., Washington, D.C., and Palm
Harbor, Fla.
Subject files, about eighty articles and speeches
by Hammer, pictures, and other materials of Philip G.
Hammer. Subject files hold correspondence, reports,
clippings, and other materials concerning many of
Hammer's activities, especially various projects in
Atlanta, Ga., and Washington, D.C., and his work with
the Conservation Foundation, the National Planning
Association, and South Associates, Inc.
Online Catalog Terms:
Atlanta (Ga.)--History.
City planning--United States--History--20th century.
Conservation Foundation.
Conservation of natural resources--United States--History--
20th century.
Hammer, Philip Gibbon, 1914- .
Land use, Urban--United States.
National Planning Association.
South Associates, Inc. (Atlanta, Ga.).
Urban economics.
Urban policy--United States.
Washington (D.C.)--History.
Size: About 8,500 items (16.5 linear feet).
Provenance: Received from Philip Gibbon Hammer of Palm Harbor,
Florida, in December 1988 (Acc. 88121), July (Acc.
90093) and November (Acc. 90143) 1990, and August
1993 (Acc. 93117).
Access: No restrictions.
Copyright: Retained by the authors of items in these papers or
their descendants as stipulated by United States
copyright law.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Biographical Note
Collection Overview
Series Descriptions
Series 1. Subject Files
Series 2. Articles and Speeches
Subseries 2.1. Articles
Subseries 2.2. Speeches
Subseries 2.3. Speech Notes
Subseries 2.4. Correspondence Related to
Speaking Engagements
Series 3. Pictures
Additions received after 1992
Shelf List
INTRODUCTION
Biographical Note
Philip Gibbon Hammer
1914 Born 18 September in Philadelphia, Pa., son of
John Levering and Emma (Gibbon) Hammer. Raised in
Wilmington, NC.
1936 Received A. B. from University of North Carolina
1936-1939 Harvard University
Rockefeller Fellow in Training for the Public
Service, 1936-1937
Intern on staff of Senator Robert M. LaFollette,
Jr., in Washington, D. C., 1937-1938
Littauer Fellow in Public Administration,
1938-1939
Passed general exams for Ph.D. in political
economy
1939-1941 Chief, editorial section, Farm Security
Administration, U. S. Department of Agriculture
1941-1943 Chief, program analysis section, Farm Security
Administration, U. S. Department of Agriculture
1943-1944 Staff assistant to Herbert H. Lehman (former
governor of New York), Director, Office of
Foreign Relief and Rehabilitation Administration
1944-1946 Staff assistant to Herbert H. Lehman,
Director-General, United Nations Relief and
Rehabilitation Administration
1947-1950 Principal associate, Joseph K. Heyman Company,
economic and business analysts, Atlanta, Georgia
1949-1950 Project director for reorganization of local
government, Local Government Commission of Fulton
County, Georgia
1950-1953 Executive Director, Metropolitan Planning
Commission, Atlanta
1953 Executive officer, Committee of the South,
National Planning Association
1953 Director of research, study of Negro schools in
the South (with Harry S. Ashmore), Fund for the
Advancement of Education
1954-1979 Founder, president, chairman, Hammer and Company
Associates (later, Hammer, Siler, George
Associates), economic consultants, Atlanta/
Washington/Denver
1979-1985 Consultant in urban economics, part-time, Philip
Hammer, Inc
Activities:
1953-1955 Planning Council, Atlanta Community Chest
1954-1957 Board of Directors, Fernbank Forest, Inc., Atlanta
1955-1957 Board of Directors, Southern Regional Council
1955-1957 Family Service Society of Atlanta
1955-1958 Board of Directors, Atlanta Chamber of Commerce
1956-1961 Board of Directors, Atlanta Urban League
1958 Representative from Fulton County, Metropolitan
Planning Commission
1958-1961 Advisory Committee, Graduate School of City Planning,
Georgia Institute of Technology
1959-1960 Lecturer on economics, Georgia Institute of
Technology and Atlanta University
1961- Board of Directors, Potomac Institute
1964-1966 Consultant to Taconic Foundation
1965 Acting executive director, Urban America
1967-1968 President's Task Force on Suburban Problems
1967-1980 Board of Directors, Planning and Development
Collaborative International
1967-1981 Board of Trustees, Clark College (Atlanta
University)
1968-1969 Chairman, National Capital Planning Commission
1968-1969 President, American Society of Planning Officials
1970-1973 Commission on Governance of Metropolitan Areas,
Resources for the Future
1971 Lecturer, Howard University
1972- Board of Trustees, World Wildlife Fund/ The
Conservation Foundation
1972-1973 Faculty, Dag Hammarskjold College, Columbia,
Maryland
1973 Member, U. S. delegation, United States-South Africa
Leader Exchange Program
1973-1975 Board of Directors, Soul City Foundation
1973-1976 District of Columbia Bicentennial Commission
1973-1977 Board of Directors, Cousins Properties, Atlanta
1973-1977 Board of Directors, National Council for Equal
Business Opportunity
1973-1982 Board of Trustees, National Planning Association
1974- American Planning Association Foundation
1975-1979 Representative of District of Columbia Mayor,
National Capital Planning Commission
1977 Distinguished Practitioner/Lecturer, College of
Business Administration, University of Georgia
1978- Board of Editors, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT COMMENTARY
Magazine
1981-1984 Chairman, Building Research Board (formerly Advisory
Board on the Built Environment), National Academy
of Sciences
1983-1985 Lecturer, Department of City and Regional Planning,
University of North Carolina
1985- Chairman, Advisory Board, Northwestern Council for
Urban Economic Development (CUED) Institute
for Economic Development, Evanston
Collection Overview
This collection contains correspondence, reports, clippings,
articles, speeches, and other materials that document the
professional life of Philip Gibbon Hammer. Each phase of
Hammer's education and work is documented, including many
professional activities in addition to his employment and
consulting work. The bulk of the material dates from the 1950s
through the 1970s.
The papers are arranged in the following series and subseries:
Series 1. Subject Files (About 6,500 items)
Series 2. Articles and Speeches (About 1,500 items)
Subseries 2.1. Articles (About 30 items)
Subseries 2.2. Speeches (About 50 items)
Subseries 2.3. Speech Notes (About 200 items)
Subseries 2.4. Correspondence about Speaking
Engagements (About 1200 items)
Series 3. Pictures (4 items)
In Series 1, Subject Files, file titles established by Hammer
have been retained. Articles were placed in alphabetical order;
and speeches, speech notes, and correspondence about speaking
engagements were placed in chronological order during processing.
SERIES DESCRIPTIONS
Series 1. Subject Files
1934-1988. About 6,650 items.
Arrangement: alphabetical by file title.
Correspondence, reports, clippings, and other materials
concerning Philip Hammer's work, professional activities, and
education. The files were established and titled by Hammer. The
names "Atlanta" and "Washington" were added at the beginning of
some file titles, so that files pertaining to these cities would
be grouped together. Hammer prepared and placed in many files
typed notes that explain his involvement with the organization
that is the subject of the file.
Folders 1-2a Advisory Board on the Built Environment
3 Aid to Minority Planning Students
4 American Institute of Architects
American Society of Planning Officials
5 American Society of Planning Officials
(ASPO)
6 Planning, 1968
7 Presidency
Atlanta
8 Atlanta (Miscellaneous)
9 Chamber of Commerce
10 Close Associates (Material about
George Goodwin, Morris Abram,
Henry Toombs, Cecil Alexander,
Charles F. Palmer)
11 Fernbank Forest
12 Local Government Commission of Fulton
County, Ga.
13 Local Government Commission
of Fulton County, Plan of
Improvement, 1950.
14 Metropolitan Planning Commission
15 Miscellaneous Civic Activities
16 Atlanta's Great Park
17 Atlantic Conference on Balanced
Regional Growth
18 Civil Rights
19 Clark College (Atlanta University)
20 Commission on the Governance of
Metropolitan Areas
21 Committee of the South (National
Planning Association) (see also 1993
addition)
The Conservation Foundation--
22 Evaluation of Performance
The Conservation Foundation--
23 Executive Committee
24 General
25 Miscellaneous Correspondence
26 Search Committee
27 Trustees
28 Economic Development
29 Economic Development and Manpower in
the South--Twentieth Century Fund
30 Farm Security Administration
31 Federal Government
32-34 Frank Graham Fund for Human Values in
Public Life
35 Franklin Delano Roosevelt Memorial
36 Governance
Hammer, Philip--
37 Biographical Materials
38-39 Miscellaneous Correspondence
40 Miscellaneous Personal
41 News Clips and Public References
42 Some Graduate Papers at Harvard
Hammer, Siler, George Associates--
43 General
44 Miscellaneous Correspondence
45 Report Number One
46 Institute for the Study of Economic
Systems
47 Institute for the Study of
Transportation
48 International Federation for Housing
and Planning
49 Joseph K. Heyman Company
50 Minority Business
51 National Building Museum
52 National Council for Equal Business
Opportunity
53 National Institute of Public Affairs
National Planning Association (see
also 1993 addition)--
54 City Development
55 General
56 Land-Use Planning
57 Population
58 Public-Private Planning
59 National Planning Conference
(AIP-ASPO)
60 National Trust for Historic
Preservation
61 National Urban Policy
62 The Negro and the Schools
(The "Ashmore Project")
63 Planning (General)
64 Planning and Development Collaborative
International (PADCO)
65 Planning Education
66-66b Potomac Institute
67 Field Foundation
68 President's Task Force on Suburban
Problems
69 Soul City Foundation
70 The South (Miscellaneous)
South Associates, Inc. (Pace
Magazine)
71 Business
72 Correspondence
73 Promotion
74 Reactions
75 Southern Congress on Regional Planning
76 Southern Regional Council
77 Taconic Foundation
78 Task Force on the Policies and
Economics of Urban Rebuilding
(American Institute of Architects)
79 Task Force on the Southern Economy
(Southern Growth Policies Board)
80 Transportation Research Board
(National Research Council, National
Academy of Sciences)
81 United Nations Relief and
Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA)
82 United States-South Africa Leader
Exchange Program (USSALEP)
83 United World Federalists
84 University of North Carolina
85 Department of City and Regional
Planning
86-87 Urban America
88 Urban Coalition
89 Urban Design and Development
Corporation
Washington, D. C.--
90 District of Columbia Bicentennial
Commission
91 Government
92 Miscellaneous
93 Miscellaneous Planning (excluding
National Capital Planning
Commission)
94 National Capital Planning Commission
(NCPC)
95 1975-1979
96 Freeways and Rapid Transit
97 Meetings
98 Miscellaneous Business
99 National Airport
100 Reorganization
101 Non-Governmental Agencies
102 Transitional Task Force (Mayor Marion
Berry)
103 White House Conference "To Fulfill
These Rights"
Series 2. Articles and Speeches
1953-1984 and undated. About 1,500 items.
Subseries 2.1. Articles
1955-1981 and undated. About 30 items.
Arrangement: alphabetical.
Drafts and published versions of articles by Philip Hammer.
Folder 104 "Atlanta in the Southeast Economy,"
undated.
105 "Atlanta's Role as a National City,"
Atlanta Magazine, August 1964.
106 [District of Columbia Economic
Development], undated.
107 "Dynamics of the Urban Dinosaur,"
Letter, Saturday Review, 12 September
1977.
108 "Economic and Social Issues of Our
Cities," Journal of the Urban
Planning and Development Division,
August 1976.
109 "Economic Development: The Cities
Fight Back," Public Management, June
1971.
110 "Economic Development: Cities Fight
Back," draft, 27 April 1971.
111 "Economic Research and Forecasting,"
Draft Chapter, Municipal Finance
Administration, 19 March 1962.
112 "Economic Studies," Draft for The
Practice of Local Government
Planning, International City
Management Association, 1979.
113 "Economics and Suburban Shopping
Centers," Draft for Industrial
Development, 11 March 1957.
114 "The Folklore of Urban Growth," The
Bureaucrat, vol. 2, no. 1, Spring
1973.
115 "Growth Management: A New Framework
for Land Use and Transportation
Planning," Transportation Research
Record, No. 508, 1974.
116 Miscellaneous Brief Writings
117 "Planning for People," The Washington
Post, 6 July 1974.
118 "The Planning of Washington as a
City," AIA Journal, April 1974.
119 "Policies and Economics of Urban
Rebuilding," by AIA Research
Corporation, Economic Consultant:
Philip Hammer, December 1974.
120 "Preliminary Observations and
Conclusions Relating to ARC
[Appalachian Regional Commission]
Goals, Objectives and Program
Alternatives," 22 May 1974.
121 Review of Marion Clawson, New Deal
Planning: The National Resources
Planning Board (1981), for Journal
of the American Planning Association,
July 1981.
122 Review of Werner Z. Hirsch, Phillip E.
Vincent, Henry S. Terrell, Donald C.
Shoup and Arthur Rosett, Fiscal
Pressures on the Central City
(1971), Draft, 7 February 1972.
123 Review of Draft Pamphlet, "Urban
Economic Growth Studies," by Robert
C. Colwell, 1963.
124 "Some Planning Imperatives: An
Overview," June 1975.
125 "Urban Economic Plans," with Praful B.
Shah, August 1977.
126 "Where Does Atlanta Go From Here?"
Atlanta Magazine, August 1961.
Subseries 2.2. Speeches
1954-1984 and undated. About 50 items.
Arrangement: chronological.
Typescripts and published versions of speeches by Philip
Hammer.
1954
Folder 127 "Can Each Unit Go It Alone?" December
1955
Folder 128 Statement Before Special Subcommittee
of Committee on Foreign Relations,
U. S. Senate, 17 March.
129 "Wanted: A Policy for Transportation,"
15 May.
1956
130 "Balance Sheet on Industrial Development
in the South," Carolina Symposium on
Public Affairs, 12 March.
131 "What Are the Limits of the Scientific,
Technical, and Industrial Vision for
the South?" Southern Humanities
Conference, 30 March.
1957
132 "The Federal Highway Program: Miracle or
Mess?" Association of State Planning
and Development Agencies, 10 May.
133 "Highway Locations Related to Business
and Industrial Development," SE
Association of State Highway Officials,
3 October.
1958
134 "The Urbanizing South--Problems, Program,
Action!" Southeast Chapter, American
Institute of Planners, 4 December.
1959
135 "Up Ahead for Downtown," American
Institute of Planners, 28 July.
1960
136 "Economic Analysis of the Central
Business District," Institute of
Government, University of North
Carolina, 27 April.
136a "Mobile Homes," Georgia Tech, 9 October.
1961
137 "Traffic and the Economics of Land Use,"
World Traffic Engineering Conference,
21 August.
1962
138 "Excerpts from Address by Philip Hammer
at AMA-AASHO-NACO Conference," 10 May.
139 [Binghamton, NY] Valley Development
Foundation, June.
1963
140 "The Economic Base," State Conference,
Florida Planning and Zoning
Association, 1963.
1964
141 "Who Will Run America?" Thirteenth
Annual Conference of Policyholder
Advisors, Nationwide Insurance, March.
142 "New Towns: An Antiquarian's View,"
American Society of Planning Officials,
8 April.
143 [Ugliness], Seminar on Ugliness in Our
Community, 22 May.
1965
144 "Property Taxation and Urban Design,"
Urban American Incorporated--Urban
Land Institute, 16 June.
145 "New Dimensions in Local Fiscal
Planning," International City
Managers' Association, 22 September.
146 "Fiscal Policies for Meeting Urban
Problems," International City
Managers' Association, 19-22 September.
147 "Industrialization of the South,"
Columbia University Seminar on Labor,
3 November.
1966
148 [Charlotte], 8 September.
1967
149 [City Problems], 28 June.
150 "Economies in the Planning Process,"
American Society of Landscape
Architects, 28 June.
1968
151 "The City and the Suburbs," Southeastern
Mayors Conference, 21 November.
1969
152 [Planning], National Planning Association
Ninth Annual Conference, 22 January.
1970
153 "Land Use in Relation to Your Market,"
NAHB Seminar, 20 July.
154 [Traffic Engineering], Institute of
Traffic Engineers, 22 September.
1971
155 "Selecting and Working with the
Developer," NAHRO Institute,
23 September.
156 "The Great Debate: Urban Growth Policy,"
Planning and Development Collaborative
(Seminar), September.
157 [District of Columbia], Board of Trade,
16 November.
1972
158 "Development and Redevelopment as the
Magnet for Additional Public Action
and Commitment," NAHRO National Renewal
Workshop, 24 March.
159 "Land Use Control Techniques Available
to States," National Conference on
Land Policy, 29 June.
160 "Human Opportunity and Economic
Welfare," Western States Conference
on Growth, 23-25 July.
161 "Economic Impact of Comprehensive
Planning," Planning Action Conference,
17 August.
162 [District of Columbia], Washington, D.C.
Committee to the U.S. Commission on
Civil Rights, 12 October.
1973
163 [Land Use], Conference on Land Use and
Urban Growth, 24 May.
164 Notes for Mayor Washington for the
Metropolitan Growth Conference, 21
August.
1974
165 "Growth and Governance in Atlanta's
Future," Atlanta Rotary Club,
21 October.
1975
166 "Issues and Actions for Managing
Development," Transportation
Research Board, 14 January.
167 "Compendium of Economic Mechanisms,"
Conference on Neighborhood
Conservation, 24-26 September.
1976
168 [Economic Development], Mayor's Overall
Economic Development Retreat,
1 October.
169 "Reinvestment and the New City Politics,"
Second National Conference on
Neighborhood Commercial Revitalization,
26 September.
1977
170 "Community and Economic Development,"
OMB Planning Requirements Review,
27 October.
171 "Urban Development and the Municipal
Corporation," Conservation Foundation
Seminar, 18 November.
1979
172 [Negotiated Investment Strategy],
22 March.
1984
172a "Urban Revitalization," 21 May.
173 "Technology and Urban Revitalization,"
Symposium sponsored by Advisory Board
on the Built Environment, November.
Undated
174 "Education and the South's Changing
Economy."
Subseries 2.3. Speech Notes
1953-1984 and undated. About 200 items.
Arrangement: chronological.
Handwritten notes on cards or paper for speeches by Philip
Hammer to professional groups, such as the American Institute of
Architects or the American Society of Planning Officials, to
civic groups, such as Rotary, Civitan, or the League of Women
Voters, and to government bodies, such as city councils.
Folders 175-176 1953
177-178 1954
179-181 1955
182-189 1956
190-207 1957
208-217 1958
218-230 1959
231-252 1960
253-261 1961
262-266 1962
267-269 1963
270-274 1964
275-277 1965
278-280 1966
281 1967
282-283 1968
284-286 1969
287 1970
288 1971
289 1972
290 1973
291 1974
292 1975
293 1976-1979
294 1980
295 1984
296-321 Undated
Subseries 2.4. Correspondence Related to Speaking Engagements
1953-1984. About 1200 items.
Arrangement: chronological.
Invitations to speak and Hammer's responses, thanks following
speeches, and some discussions of topics of speeches.
Folder 322 1953
323 1954
324 1955
325 1956
326 1957
327 1958
328-329 1959
330-331 1960
332 1961
333 1962
334 1963
335 1964
336 1965
337 1966
338 1967
339 1968
340 1969
341 1970
342 1971
343 1972
344 1973
345 1974
346 1975
347 1976
348 1977
349 1978
350 1979
351 1980, 1984
Series 3. Pictures
1958-1963. 5 items.
P-4527/1-2a. Philip Hammer, 1955-1958.
P-4527/3. Philip Hammer, Sydney Reagan, and three
unidentified men, 13 June 1963.
P-4527/4. Philip Hammer and three unidentified
men, 27 June 1963.
OP-P-4527/1 Waterfront at Norfolk, Va. with note
to Hammer from Dave Rice, Executive
Director, NRHA, dated 1 June 1983
Addition of August 1993 (Acc. 93117)
Size: About 300 items (1.5 linear feet).
Dates: 1953-1960.
Provenance: Received from Phillips G. Hammer in August 1993.
Access: No restrictions.
Description: The following descriptions were written by Philip
Hammer. The first folder in each group contains
more extensive information provided by Hammer.
Folders 352-355 Committee of the South, 1953-1955
The Committee of the South was established in the fall of 1946
by the National Planning Association in Washington. Its first
chair was J. Melville Broughton, former governor of North
Carolina. In the spring of 1953, the Committee set up an
office and Atlanta with Hammer as administative officer. The
Committee's research activities were farmed out to a number of
institutions, with the primary responsibility resting with
Calvin B. Hoover, chair of the Department of Economics at Duke
University.
Folders 356-358 Committee on Southern Development,
1955-1960
The Committee on Southern Development, also sponsored by the
National Planning Association, was the successor to the
Committee of the South. it was established in the fall of
1955. Its chair was Rufus G. Harris, president of Tulane
University. It had no administrative office. Hammer was a
member along with around 30 other southerners. Hammer's files
do not reflect all of the Committee's activities, but do give
a general view of what took place.
Folder 359 Biracial public education study, 1953-1954
The study of biracial public education in the South was
initiated by the Fund for the Advancement of Education in the
late spring of 1953. Its aim was to provide an objective and
comprehensive description of the South's "separate but equal"
education system. It was thought at the time that study's
findings would be available after the U.S. Supreme Court ruled
on the separate but equal issue for use of the South's white
leadership. Actually, however, the first publication from the
study came out four days before the Court handed down its
Brown decision. Altogether, five books and various other
mateirals resulted from the study. Hammer was the research
director for the study. The study leader was Harry Ashmore,
editor of the Arkansas Gazette in Little Rock. The project
was widely known as the "Ashmore Project."
Catalog Terms:
Ashmore, Harry.
Committee of the South.
Committee on Southern Development.
Education--Southern States--History--20th century.
Fund for the Advancement of Education.
Regional planning--Southern States--History--20th century.
Segregation in education--History--20th century.
Southern States--History--20th century.
SHELF LIST
Box 1 Series 1. Subject Files (folders 1-22)
Box 2 Series 1. Subject Files (folders 23-41)
Box 3 Series 1. Subject Files (folders 42-65)
Box 4 Series 1. Subject Files (folders 66-81)
Box 5 Series 1. Subject Files (folders 82-98)
Box 6 Series 1. Subject Files (folders 99-103)
Series 2. Articles and Speeches
Subseries 2.1. Articles (folders 104-125)
Subseries 2.2. Speeches (folders 126-174)
Box 7 Subseries 2.3. Speech Notes (folders 175-274)
Box 8 Subseries 2.3. Speech Notes (folders 275-321)
Box 9 Subseries 2.4. Correspondence
Related to Speaking
Engagements (folders 322-351)
Box 10 OP-4527/6-9
Box 11 Addition of August 1993
Items separated:
OP-4527/1-5.
P-4527/1-4.
OP-P-4527/1.