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Collection Overview
| Size | 11.5 feet of linear shelf space (approximately 4200 items) |
| Abstract | William Alexander Hoke, lawyer, legislator, and chief justice of the North Carolina Supreme Court, of Lincolnton, Lincoln County, N.C., was the son of John Franklin Hoke (1821-1888) and Catherine Wilson Alexander Hoke (d. 1857), brother of Nancy Childs Hoke (1856-1893) and Sallie Badger Hoke (d. 1914), husband of Mary McBee Hoke (d. 1920), and father of Mary Hoke Slaughter. The collection includes letters, financial and legal papers, genealogical papers, and other materials pertaining to William Alexander Hoke and members of the related Alexander, Henderson, McBee, and Wilson families. Included is material on 19th-century North Carolina politics; an antebellum gold mining operation; John Franklin Hoke's involvement in the Mexican-American War; slavery, including slave bills of sale; the service of family members and others in the Confederate army and navy; the homefront during the Civil War; problems of Reconstruction, including references to activities of the Ku Klux Klan; the legal career of William Alexander Hoke; the brief theatrical career of Laura Alexander in the 1870s; and Sallie Badger Hoke's travels to Europe and Egypt in the 1880s. Also included a notebook belonging to H. T. Guion with records of the North Carolina State Troops, Company B, 1st Regiment Artillery, North Carolina land records dating back to the 1750s, and legal documents and financial items relating to family members. Correspondents include North Carolina Governor David L. Swain; Frances Christine Fisher Tiernan, the novelist who wrote as Christian Reid; Zebulon Vance; and Josephus Daniels. |
| Creator | Hoke, William Alexander, 1851-1925. |
| Language | English |
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Information For Users
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Subject Headings
The following terms from Library of Congress Subject Headings suggest topics, persons, geography, etc. interspersed through the entire collection; the terms do not usually represent discrete and easily identifiable portions of the collection--such as folders or items.
Clicking on a subject heading below will take you into the University Library's online catalog.
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Biographical Information
William Alexander Hoke, lawyer, legislator and chief justice of the North Carolina Supreme Court, was born 25 October 1851 in Lincolnton, N.C. His father, John Franklin Hoke (1821-1888), fought in the Mexican-American War, served as adjutant general of North Carolina by appointment of Governor John Ellis in 1861, and later, as a colonel, commanded the Thirteenth and, subsequently, Twenty-third North Carolina regiments of the Confederate Army. William Alexander Hoke's mother was Catherine Wilson Alexander Hoke (d. 1857), and he had two sisters, Nancy Childs Hoke (1856-1893) and Sallie Badger Hoke (d. 1914).
Educated at the Lincolnton Male Academy, Hoke later studied law under North Carolina Chief Justice Richmond M. Pearson and was admitted to the bar on 25 October 1872. After practicing law for eight years in Shelby, N.C., he returned to Lincolnton and joined his father in a law partnership, which lasted until John Franklin Hoke's death in 1888. A lifelong Democrat, Alex Hoke, as he was known, represented Lincoln County in the state legislature in 1889 and was elected a state Superior Court judge the following year. He remained a trial judge until 1904 when he was elected an associate justice of the North Carolina Supreme Court. Reelected in 1912 and 1920, he was appointed chief justice on 2 June 1924, succeeding Walter Clark upon his death. Hoke was elected chief justice in November 1924, but resigned on 16 March 1925 because of poor health. He held the status of an emergency judge until his death on 13 September 1925.
The judicial opinions of Justice Hoke appear in 53 volumes of the Supreme Court Reports (#137-#189 inclusive) and deal with a wide range of subjects. In particular, several Supreme Court decisions prepared by Hoke show his mastery of the law of real property. In Hicks v. Manufacturing Co. (138 N.C), Hoke wrote the decision that settled questions of assumption of risk and contributory negligence as affected by the negligence of a master or employer. He also wrote significant decisions concerning other matters of civil law, such as contracts, wills, conveyances, notes, and various suits in equity.
A friend of Zebulon B. Vance, North Carolina governor and United States senator, Hoke took great pride in his work chairing the commission to provide a statue of Vance for Statuary Hall in the United States Capitol. He received honorary doctor of law degrees from the University of North Carolina and Davidson College and was a member of the Society of the Cincinnati.
On 16 December 1897, Hoke married Mary (Mamie) McBee of Lincolnton, who died in 1920. Their only child, Mary, survived both parents and later married Edward Slaughter of Charlottesville, Va.
(Adapted from the biographical note by Walser H. Allen Jr., in the Dictionary of North Carolina Biography, Volume III, 1988.)
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Scope and Content
The papers of William Alexander Hoke, lawyer, legislator, and chief justice of the North Carolina Supreme Court, of Lincolnton, N.C., include letters, financial and legal papers, genealogical papers, and other materials pertaining to Hoke and members of the related Alexander, Henderson, McBee, and Wilson families. Included is material on 19th-century North Carolina politics; an antebellum gold mining operation; John Franklin Hoke's involvement in the Mexican-American War; slavery, including slave bills of sale; the service of family members and others in the Confederate army and Confederate navy; the homefront during the Civil War; problems of Reconstruction, including references to activities of the Ku Klux Klan; the legal career of William Alexander Hoke; the brief theatrical career of Laura Alexander in the 1870s; and Sallie Badger Hoke's travels to Europe and Egypt in the 1880s. Also included are North Carolina land records dating back to the 1750s, as well as legal documents and financial items relating to family members. Correspondents include North Carolina Governor David L. Swain; Frances Christine Fisher Tiernan, the novelist who wrote as Christian Reid; Zebulon Vance; and Josephus Daniels.
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Series Quick Links
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Series 1. Correspondence and Related Items, 1791-1925.
Arrangement: chronological.
Letters and related materials of William Alexander Hoke and members of the Hoke, Alexander, Wilson, and related families.
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Subseries 1.1. 1791-1838.
Chiefly family correspondence and some business letters. Most of the family letters are those of Elizabeth Henderson Alexander and her brothers, Leonard Henderson (North Carolina Supreme Court chief justice, 1829-1833) and Archibald Henderson (member of Congress, 1799-1803). Business correspondence mainly consists of letters between J. H. Bissell and Kemp P. Willis.
| Folder 1 |
1790s #00345, Subseries: "1.1. 1791-1838." Folder 1 |
| Folder 2 |
1800-1835 #00345, Subseries: "1.1. 1791-1838." Folder 2 |
| Folder 3 |
1836-1838 #00345, Subseries: "1.1. 1791-1838." Folder 3 |
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Subseries 1.2. 1840-1869.
Correspondence primarily about John Franklin Hoke and his activities, although there are also numerous items relating to the Alexander family, especially Elvira Catherine Wilson Alexander, Joseph Wilson Alexander, William Lee Alexander, Laura Alexander, and Mary Josephine (Coosa) Wilson. In addition to family matters, topics include politics, the Mexican-American War, the removal of Cherokees from North Carolina, and the Civil War. Correspondents who were not family members include Milledge Luke Bonham, Charles Fisher, Maxcy Gregg, Joseph Lane, Levi Silliman Ives, and Eleanor Swain, wife of North Carolina Governor David L. Swain.
Many letters relate to political matters of the period including banking issues, November 1840; President John Tyler's use of the veto, 22 September 1841; local party politics, December 1841, 10 February 1842, 25 October 1852, 8 April and 6 July 1855; the southern convention movement, 21 August and 25 September 1850, 7 March 1851; the Kansas-Nebraska Act, 8 July 1854; and the raid on Harper's Ferry, 18 November 1859. Catherine Wilson Alexander Hoke mentioned the visit of Hungarian nationalist Louis Kossuth to the United States and noted that her sister "talks of little else" (18 November 1852).
In 1847, several items deal with John Franklin Hoke's military service during the Mexican-American War, including lists of recruits in Lincolnton, N.C., and St. Louis, Mo., as well as letters denying charges of cowardice against him. After the war, J. F. Hoke corresponded with United States Treasury Department auditors about army provisions for which he had been responsible as a military officer (e.g., 27 January and 23 February 1850, 17 January and 17 March 1851). At the same time, Hoke also sought an army commission for which he was endorsed by M. L. Bonham, who had been Hoke's superior officer in Mexico and later represented South Carolina in Congress (25 February 1851).
Materials relating to Levi Silliman Ives, North Carolina's antebellum Episcopal bishop whose conversion to Roman Catholicism stirred great controversy in the state, include letters dated 3 June 1850, 23 February 1852, 9 May 1854, and several undated items from the 1850s.
Several letters in 1857 relate to the removal of Cherokees from North Carolina, specifically with J. F. Hoke's efforts to obtain a federal contract to handle the removal. See 28 April, 4 May, 6 May, 19 May, 3 September, and 25 November 1857.
The Civil War figures prominently in this subseries. J. F. Hoke's service as North Carolina adjutant general is documented in 1861 items that include communications with North Carolina Governor John Ellis (especially in June) and receipts for weapons. He later served as colonel in the 13th and 23rd North Carolina regiments. Most of the Civil War material, however, concerns the Alexander family. Joseph Wilson Alexander, a United States Navy officer circa 1857-1861, and his brother, William Lee Alexander, both served in the Confederate military.
J. W. Alexander, who predicted trouble when he heard of Lincoln's 1860 election while in port at Gibraltar (see 30 November 1860), resigned his commission and joined the Confederate Navy. His letters recount his experiences as a prisoner of war in New England (e.g., 13 September 1863, December 1863, 7 August 1864, and file of undated 1861-1865) and his return to active duty following a prisoner exchange (e.g., 9 November 1864). Occasional letters throughout the war touch on William Lee Alexander's activities with the Confederate Army in Texas, where he had moved before the war to serve as president of the University of Nacogdoches (about which see 25 October and 20 December 1859, and 9 February 1860). Elvira Catherine Wilson Alexander, mother of these two military officers, observed during the war, "I believe this war will last just five years longer, so we may rest alone on our Heavenly Father--no other help may be expected, and no other will avail and we are to be taught until we have learned our lesson of [illegible] and trust as we ought" (undated 1861-1865). As the war came to a close, C. W. Read tried to obtain a wagon from J. W. Alexander so that he and a group of Confederates could evade Sherman and make it to the Trans-Mississippi West (20 February 1865). Also included here is a notebook (V-345/2) belonging to H. T. Guion with records of the North Carolina State Troops, Company B, 1st Regiment Artillery.
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Subseries 1.3. 1870-1925.
Correspondence and other materials primarily related to William Alexander Hoke, his family, and career as a lawyer and jurist, and also to the legal practice of John Franklin Hoke until his death in 1888. Many of the items are family letters to and from William Alexander Hoke, his wife, Mary McBee (Mamie) Hoke (d. 1920), and his two sisters, Sallie Badger Hoke (d. 1914) and Nancy Childs (Nannie) Hoke (d. 1893). Materials relating to Sallie Badger Hoke's trip to Europe and Egypt, 1888-1889, are also included. Much family correspondence comes from the period when Sallie Badger Hoke worked for a New Jersey judge, circa 1899-1913. Nancy Childs Hoke carried on a correspondence with Frances Christine Fisher Tiernan, the novelist who wrote as Christian Reid (e.g., January-April 1880) and Florence and Zebulon Vance (e.g., 20 October 1889, 7 and 17 June 1891, and 8 November 1892).
Correspondents not in William Alexander Hoke's immediate family include Charles Aycock, Victor C. Barringer, Locke Craig, Josephus Daniels, George Davis (Confederate attorney general), Robert F. Hoke, and Hoke Smith. Topics include William Alexander Hoke's law practice, his campaign for judge in 1890, his possible candidacy for the state Supreme Court and the United States Senate in 1902, his elevation to the state's high court in 1904, and his subsequent re-elections.
Other topics include Reconstruction, notably letters regarding abuse of individuals by "disloyal organizations" in Lincoln County, N.C. (23 January 1871; also see 17 October and 20 December 1870), and various mentions of the Ku Klux Klan by name (e.g., 6 April 1872 and 18 June 1874). During this period, A. G. Smith wrote to William Alexander Hoke from Alabama that "all our boys, nearly" had gone to Texas or Mexico to avoid "the d--n U.S. marshals" (14 April 1872).
Laura Alexander's brief theatrical career in New York, which was cut short by her sudden death in 1874, is the subject of several letters in the early 1870s.
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Subseries 1.4. Undated Correspondence and Related Materials, circa 1840-1915.
Undated letters, arranged by correspondent. Most of the files are organized by recipient, though some are by the sender and are so designated.
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Series 2. Financial and Legal Items, 1802-1924.
Arrangement: by type of material.
Financial items, legal materials and land records relating to William Alexander Hoke and his family. See Series 1 for related correspondence.
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Subseries 2.1. Bills, Receipts, and Other Financial Items, 1802-1915.
Arrangement: chronological
Bills, receipts, and other financial materials of William Alexander Hoke and other members of his family. Included are slave bills of sale (especially 1820s-1850s), an agreement on hiring slaves for the first quarter of 1865, tax receipts for a few scattered years (1863, 1894, 1902), bank deposit slips (1899, 1900, 1904), and bills and receipts from various stores.
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Subseries 2.2. Legal Materials, 1802-1924.
Arrangement: chronological
Notes, briefs, wills, subpoenas and other legal papers, most of which pertain to the legal career of John Franklin Hoke or, beginning in the 1870s, to that of William Alexander Hoke. Documents include J. F. Hoke's bar admission signed by North Carolina Supreme Court members (16 June 1842), an affidavit of Mary Murphy Dickson in connection with a Revolutionary War pension (27 April 1846), and a copy of the will of Florence (Mrs. Zebulon) Vance (24 May 1891).
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Subseries 2.3. Land Records, 1750-1911.
Arrangement: chronological
Deeds, indentures, surveys, rent agreements, and other materials relating to landholdings and land transactions in North Carolina, mostly in Lincoln and surrounding counties. Included are an 1821 town plot of Lincolnton and an 1829 list of taxable property for John Hoke (presumably the father of John Franklin Hoke).
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Subseries 2.4. Financial and Legal Volume, 1824-1830.
Deeds, indentures, surveys, rent agreements, and other materials relating to landholdings and land transactions in North Carolina, mostly in Lincoln and surrounding counties. Included are an 1821 town plot of Lincolnton and an 1829 list of taxable property for John Hoke (presumably the father of John Franklin Hoke).
V-345/11 #00345, Subseries: "2.4. Financial and Legal Volume, 1824-1830." Folder 210One small notebook that includes extremely brief notes on financial matters and legal cases, 1824-1830 |
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Series 3. Writings and Speeches, circa 1870-1920.
Arrangement: by subject.
Speeches and writings of William Alexander Hoke and others on a variety of topics. Specific items of interest include notes on a lecture about the theories of Charles Darwin (folder 211), an eerie story set in Mexico after the United States victory there in the 1840s (folder 212), William Alexander Hoke's speech introducing William Howard Taft to a group in Raleigh sometime after Taft left the White House but before he assumed the chief justiceship, another Hoke speech introducing Franklin D. Roosevelt when he was assistant secretary of the Navy (folder 214), and Sallie Badger Hoke's arguments against women's suffrage (folder 219).
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Series 4. Genealogical Materials, 1750-1911.
Arrangement: by family.
Correspondence, charts, and other materials relating to the genealogies of families associated with William Alexander Hoke. Although efforts have been made to organize folders by families represented, there is some unavoidable overlap among files. Below are listed the major families represented in each folder.
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Series 5. Miscellaneous Volumes, circa 1753-1900.
Volumes that are either undated or are dated but cover multiple topics over several years.
| Folder 233 |
V-345/13, circa 1753-1754, 42 pages #00345, Series: "5. Miscellaneous Volumes, circa 1753-1900." Folder 233Small notebook written in German. |
| Folder 234 |
V-345/14, circa 1842-1851, 72 pages #00345, Series: "5. Miscellaneous Volumes, circa 1753-1900." Folder 234Home cures and recipes arranged alphabetically, I-Y. For other recipes, see subseries 6.2. |
| Folder 235 |
V-345/15, 184801899, 135 pages #00345, Series: "5. Miscellaneous Volumes, circa 1753-1900." Folder 235Ledger used for a variety of purposes. Most of the ledger (pages 4-84 and pages 122-131) is devoted to the records of the High Shoal Gold Mining Company (circa 1848-1859). Also included are various school assignments, including math (pages 93 and 134-135), French (pages 85-92), Shakespeare (pages 94-114), and English history (pages 115-119). |
| Folder 236 |
V-345/16, circa 1861, 29 pages #00345, Series: "5. Miscellaneous Volumes, circa 1753-1900." Folder 236Notebook containing notes and essays on a variety of matters in no apparent order. Presumably it belonged to a member of the Alexander family. Topics include events of the American Revolution, the influence of abolitionists on a Miss Gould, and the secession movement. |
| Folder 237 |
V-345/17, circa 1862-1893, 384 pages #00345, Series: "5. Miscellaneous Volumes, circa 1753-1900." Folder 237Ledger book used for many purposes. Apparently it originally belonged to a crewman of the Fanny, a Union vessel captured by the Confederate steamer Raleigh on which Joseph Wilson Alexander served. In addition to the Union crewman's irregular entries of poetry and observations on the war, the book includes drafts of letters and speeches and other items. A significant part of the ledger is devoted to the diary of Nancy Childs Hoke, 4 March 1887-8 January 1893 (pages 215-277). Also apparently in Nancy Childs Hoke's hand are recollections of a conversation between "Cousin Rob" (Confederate General Robert F. Hoke) and her father (John F. Hoke) on 8 February 1885 about the last days of the Civil War, the postwar political activities of General James Longstreet, the presidential pardon of General Robert F. Hoke, and related matters (pages 79-84). |
| Folder 238 |
V-345/18, circa 1860s-1890s, 159 pages #00345, Series: "5. Miscellaneous Volumes, circa 1753-1900." Folder 238Account book containing newspaper clippings and handwritten recipes. Many of the clippings date from the Civil War though they are interspersed with ones from later. The clippings and recipes cover pages once used for recording financial information and practicing penmanship. |
| Folder 239 |
V-345/S-19, 1891, 8 pages #00345, Series: "5. Miscellaneous Volumes, circa 1753-1900." Folder 239Scrapbook dated 13 March 1891 with newspaper clippings, some of which predate 1891 and most of which relate to politics. |
| Folder 240 |
V-345/20, circa 1880-1900, 54 pages #00345, Series: "5. Miscellaneous Volumes, circa 1753-1900." Folder 240"Register of the Colored Sunday School, St. Luke's Church, Lincolnton, N.C." |
| Folder 241 |
V-345/21, circa 1890s, 23 pages #00345, Series: "5. Miscellaneous Volumes, circa 1753-1900." Folder 241Reminiscences apparently by Sallie Badger Hoke of Julia, her family's slave nurse. Also some lists of colonial officials (pages 17-20), and notes in shorthand (page 23). |
| Folder 242 |
V-345/22, undated, 90 pages #00345, Series: "5. Miscellaneous Volumes, circa 1753-1900." Folder 242Writings on law, philosophy, church history, and others topics. |
| Folder 243 |
V-345/23, undated, 29 pages #00345, Series: "5. Miscellaneous Volumes, circa 1753-1900." Folder 243"From Bar-Room to Pulpit." Printed speech on temperance in pamphlet form. |
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Series 6. Other Papers, 1863-1910.
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Subseries 6.1. Clippings, 1863-1910.
Clippings, primarily from North Carolina newspapers, covering legal cases, politics, obituaries, weddings, history, poetry, a speech of United States Secretary of the Interior Hoke Smith (1894), and the electric rail system in Charlotte, N.C. (1910). Also included is one sheet from the Charlotte Daily Bulletin (20 March 1863).
| Folder 244 |
Clippings #00345, Subseries: "6.1. Clippings, 1863-1910." Folder 244 |
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Subseries 6.2. Recipes, undated.
| Folder 245 |
Recipes for several dishes. For other recipes, see Volume 14. #00345, Subseries: "6.2. Recipes, undated." Folder 245 |
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Subseries 6.3. Calling Cards and Business Cards, circa 1870-1910.
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Items Separated
Processed by: Robert Tinkler, November 1994
Encoded by: Roslyn Holdzkom, October 2006
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