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This collection has access restrictions. For details, please see the restrictions.
This is a finding aid. It is a description of archival material held in the Wilson Library at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Unless otherwise noted, the materials described below are physically available in our reading room, and not digitally available through the World Wide Web. See the FAQ section for more information.
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Collection Overview
| Size | 327.0 feet of linear shelf space (approximately 165,000 items) |
| Abstract | Political activist Allard Kenneth Lowenstein (1929-1980) served as a lawyer, teacher, speaker, author, United States congressman from New York, United States representative to the United Nations Human Rights Commission, and founder and leader of several organizations. The collection includes correspondence, organizational records, political campaign records, congressional files, writings, speeches, press clippings, research materials, scheduling files, financial and administrative records, diaries, scrapbooks, family papers, photographs, sound recordings, videocasette tapes, and other items documenting the life and career of Allard K. Lowenstein. Correspondence, 1940s-1970s, covers Lowenstein's service in World War II; years as a student activist at the University of North Carolina; work with the United States National Student Association, Democratic Party, Coalition for a Democratic Alternative, and other organizations; relations with Eleanor Roosevelt, Frank Porter Graham, Adlai Stevenson, William F. Buckley Jr., Aaron Henry, Eugene J. McCarthy, Norman C. Thomas, and Hubert H. Humphrey; interests in political and social affairs including civil rights, voter registration, and political reform in the United States and relations with other countries, especially Namibia, Zimbabwe, South Africa, and the Soviet Union; work at Stanford University; anti-Vietnam War activities; the Ditch Johnson campaign; his successful campaign for Congress from the Fifth Congressional District of New York; various unsuccessful political campaigns for United States House and Senate seats from New York; his investigation of the Robert F. Kennedy assassination; his United Nations work; his work on Edward M. Kennedy's 1980 campaign for the Democratic presidential nomination; and other matters. Activity files, 1935-1980, document Lowenstein's various United Nations appointments during the Carter Administration; attempts to reopen the investigation of the Robert F. Kennedy assassination; involvement in Americans for Democratic Action; attendance at the University of North Carolina; African travels; and other activities relating to civil rights, international relations, and other topics. Political campaign materials, 1942-1980, relate to campaigns of Lowenstein and others, chiefly Democrats. United States Congress materials, 1969-1970, include personal and constituent correspondence, district files, House committee files, legislation, press files, and administrative files documenting Lowenstein's two-year congressional term. Writings include published and unpublished works by Lowenstein, 1943-1979, on a wide range of topics, and writings about Lowenstein, 1946-1985. Research files, 1940-1980, are on wide-ranging topics and were used by Lowenstein as background materials for writings, speeches, campaign appearances, and interviews. There are also materials relating to public appearances, 1944-1980; personal papers, 1924-1985, including biographical information, family papers, financial materials, diaries and scrapbooks, and other items; pictures, 1929-1980, mostly photographs of Lowenstein with family, friends, and associates; sound recordings, 1950-1982, including speeches by Lowenstein, congressional forums he conducted, interviews by or with Lowenstein, and other recordings; and videotapes and films, 1950-1980. Additions to the collection, 1983-2004, contain materials similar to those in the original deposit, but also include oral history interviews with Lowenstein and with friends and associates after his death; Dump Nixon campaign materials; and materials documenting activities of Lowenstein's assistant, Bancroft "Nick" Littlefield. |
| Creator | Lowenstein, Allard K. |
| Language | English |
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Information For Users
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Subject Headings
The following terms from Library of Congress Subject Headings suggest topics, persons, geography, etc. interspersed through the entire collection; the terms do not usually represent discrete and easily identifiable portions of the collection--such as folders or items.
Clicking on a subject heading below will take you into the University Library's online catalog.
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Biographical
Information
| 16 January 1929 | Born in Newark, N.J. |
| 1930 | Death of mother, Augusta Goldberg Lowenstein |
| 1934-1939 | Attended Ethical Culture School in Manhattan |
| 1939-1945 | Attended Horace Mann School for Boys in Riverdale, New York |
| 1945 | Began attending University of North Carolina (UNC), in Chapel Hill, N.C. |
| 1947 | Attended Encampment for Citizenship in New York |
| 1945-1949 | While at UNC, participated in student government and student organizations; met Frank Porter Graham, UNC president; served on student newspaper and orientation committee |
| 1949 | Received B.A. degree in history from UNC |
| 1949-1950 | Worked as legislative assistant for Senator Frank Graham in Washington, as well as in his reelection campaign |
| 1950-1951 | Served as third president of the United States National Student Association, which separated from International Union of Students during his presidency |
| 1951 | Began attending Yale Law School |
| 1952 | Served as national chair of Students for Stevenson; Attended National Democratic National Convention |
| 1951-1954 | While at Yale, participated in student counseling program and remained active in student political matters |
| 1954 | Received LL.B., degree from Yale |
| 1954-1956 | Served in United States Army, stationed primarily in Germany |
| 1956 | Worked with Young Democratic Clubs of America in Stevenson presidential campaign |
| 1956-1957 | Served as field secretary for Collegiate Council for the United Nations, speaking on campuses around the country; began close association with Eleanor Roosevelt; became active in Democratic reform politics in New York |
| 1957-1958 | Attended graduate school in history at UNC |
| 1958 | Traveled to Soviet Union with Eleanor Roosevelt |
| 1958-1959 | Worked as foreign policy assistant for Senator Hubert Humphrey |
| 1959-1960 | Remained active in opposition to apartheid in South Africa and South West Africa |
| 1960 | After considering congressional and New York State Senate races, chaired William Fitts Ryan's campaign for Congress in Manhattan, the first congressional victory for the Democratic reform movement; elected alternate delegate from New York to the Democratic National Convention |
| 1961-1962 | Appointed assistant dean and lecturer in political science at Stanford University; traveled to Spain in opposition to Franco regime |
| 1962 | Publication of Brutal Mandate: A Journey to South West Africa, based on his 1959 trip |
| 1962-1964 | Taught social science at North Carolina State University in Raleigh, where he was active in civil rights protest movement |
| 1963-1964 | Worked as legal advisor to civil rights movement in Mississippi; helped draft college students for 1963 Freedom Vote mock gubernatorial campaign of Aaron Henry, and for 1964 Mississippi Freedom Summer project; attended 1964 Democratic National Convention in Atlantic City, N.J. |
| 1965 | Served as chair of Citizens for Ryan for Mayor in New York City; directed New York Encampment for Citizenship; became active in teach-ins and early anti-war activities, such as formation of Americans for a Reappraisal of Far Eastern Policy; death of father, Gabriel Abraham Lowenstein |
| 1966 | Worked with Norman Thomas on Committee on Free Elections in the Dominican Republic; participated in reform congressional-selection procedure in Manhattan; married Jennifer Lyman of Boston, Massachusetts; became national board member for Southern Christian Leadership Conference, National Committee for a Sane Nuclear Policy, Spanish Refugee Aid, and Americans for Democratic Action |
| 1967 | Traveled to South Vietnam as independent observer of elections there; taught at City College of New York; birth of first son, Frank Graham Lowenstein; death of stepmother, Florence Goldstein Lowenstein |
| 1966-1968 | Helped organize and lead national Dump Johnson campaign within the Democratic Party; helped to organize student letter-writing campaign, Conference of Concerned Democrats, dissenting Democratic groups nationwide, and New York Coalition for a Democratic Alternative; movement culminated with President Johnson's decision not to run for renomination |
| 1968 | Worked for presidential campaign of Senator Eugene McCarthy; helped organize Coalition for an Open Convention, and served as New York delegate to the Democratic National Convention in Chicago; defeated Mason Hampton for seat in 91st Congress from 5th Congressional District, on Long Island |
| 1969 | Birth of second son, Thomas Kennedy Lowenstein |
| 1970 | Birth of daughter, Katharine Eleanor Lowenstein |
| 1969-1971 | Served in the United States House of Representatives; helped lead congressional opposition to the Vietnam War, and worked for House reforms and arms control; was defeated for reelection by Republican Norman Lent |
| 1971 | Elected national chair of Americans for Democratic Action; helped organize nationwide Dump Nixon youth voter registration campaign; taught at Yale and Stanford, and lectured widely throughout the 1970s |
| 1972 | Was nominated by Brooklyn Reform Democratic Caucus to challenge veteran congressman John Rooney in primary election for 14th Congressional District seat; overturned disputed Brooklyn primary in court, but failed to win official designation in court-ordered rerun; served as delegate from New York to the Democratic National Convention; was elected to Democratic National Committee; taught at City College of New York |
| 1973-1974 | Attacked Nixon Administration during Watergate controversy; taught at New School for Social Research in New York, and elsewhere; was defeated by incumbent Republican John Wydler in campaign for Congress from 5th Congressional District of New York |
| 1975 | Served as political consultant to newly-elected California Governor Jerry Brown |
| 1975-1976 | Supported national efforts for review of Robert Kennedy and John Kennedy assassinations |
| 1976 | Helped manage presidential campaign of Governor Brown; was defeated again by John Wydler in congressional campaign for 5th Congressional District seat |
| 1977 | Appointed by President Carter as United States Representative to United Nations Human Rights Commission; later appointed by Carter as Ambassador to the United Nations for Special Political Affairs, and United States Representative to the Trusteeship Council; separated from his wife and moved to Manhattan |
| 1978 | Resigned from United Nations ambassador post; was defeated by Carter Burden in Democratic primary for Manhattan's 18th Congressional District seat |
| 1979-1980 | Traveled several times to southern Africa, working with American and British governments for peaceful transition to majority rule in Zimbabwe; continued to lecture, and practiced law in New York |
| 1980 | Worked for presidential campaign of Senator Edward Kennedy; died on 14 March in New York, N.Y. |
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Scope and Content
The Allard K. Lowenstein papers have been arranged into ten series of records, with each series divided further into a number of subseries. Researchers should be sure to check the descriptions of additions received after May 1986 for materials pertinent to their research. These materials have been processed separately and have not been integrated into the original corpus of papers.
The Lowenstein papers were housed originally in more than six hundred cubic foot boxes. Some of the papers had undergone preliminary arrangement, such as United Nations records (Subseries 2.26), congressional papers (Series 4), and several of the campaign and research files (Series 3 and 6, respectively). The vast majority of these records, however, were in no apparent order. Materials within most of the boxes were disordered and were unrelated to one another. Several had been damaged by water, mold, and overall lack of care. For these reasons, the arrangement described above was imposed on the papers. Series of records that had already been arranged to some degree were kept in their original order and incorporated into the above series and subseries.
The records in each series of the Lowenstein papers are interrelated with those in other series. Documentation of Lowenstein's role in the anti-war movement, for example, can be found in every series of the collection. The series and subseries descriptions which follow clarify the various ways in which the contents of materials throughout the collection are interconnected.
Approximately 280 cubic feet of records have been removed from the original collection of Lowenstein's papers. A great majority of these were duplicate materials. Also discarded were materials that are widely available in research libraries, such as complete issues of the New York Times and other newspapers, Life and Look magazines, and United States government documents. Further, newspaper clippings that were unrelated to Lowenstein's activities were removed from the collection. All constituent case files were removed from Lowenstein's congressional papers. Several files of Gregory Stone, Lowenstein's administrative assistant, were removed (for those that were kept in the collection, see especially Subseries 6.2). Some materials were found to be more suitable for other libraries and archives. Finally, several boxes of Lowenstein's personal belongings have been removed from the original collection.
Approximately four cubic feet of records have been placed under restriction. Included among the restricted materials are letters of recommendation, resumes, security classified materials, records on the Robert F. Kennedy assassination study, and a few items which contain confidential or personal information on living individuals. For further information on restricted materials, the researcher should consult the following series and subseries descriptions.
Additions to these papers are described at the end of the inventory.
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Series Quick Links
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Series 1. Correspondence, 1940-1980.
Mostly personal correspondence to and from Allard Lowenstein. This correspondence has been divided into two subseries, "General" and "Routine." The general correspondence in Subseries 1.1, which comprises roughly 70% of this series, includes substantive letters to and from Lowenstein. The routine correspondence included in Subseries 1.2 generally consists of greeting cards and brief notes to and from Lowenstein. The researcher should note, however, that people would sometimes write Lowenstein substantive and detailed messages on greeting cards. Therefore a researcher wishing to make a detailed inquiry into Lowenstein's correspondence for a particular period should look both at the general and routine correspondence for that period.
Each subseries in Series 1 is further divided into incoming and outgoing correspondence. All four categories of correspondence general correspondence to Lowenstein, general correspondence from Lowenstein to others, routine correspondence to Lowenstein, and routine correspondence from Lowenstein to others are arranged in chronological order by year, month, and day.
Series 1 consists largely of correspondence that was found loose among the papers, and that does not relate entirely to any subject which is the focus of one of the other series or subseries. Much additional correspondence is elsewhere in the papers. For instance, correspondence relating directly to a particular phase of Lowenstein's career can be found in Series 2. Large amounts of correspondence on the political campaigns in which Lowenstein was involved are located in Series 3.
Series 4, United States Congress, contains 20.5 cubic feet of Lowenstein's congressional correspondence. A significant portion of Lowenstein's congressional correspondence is of a personal nature and is located in Subseries 4.1 since it was originally filed with his congressional papers. As a result, Series 1 contains very little correspondence dating from January 1969 January 1971, the dates of Lowenstein's term in Congress. Correspondence relating to Lowenstein's writings can be found in Series 5. Correspondence requesting Lowenstein to speak is located in Subseries 7.2. Invitations and some correspondence inviting Lowenstein to social and political events is in Subseries 8.4. Finally, correspondence relating to Lowenstein's personal business and financial matters can be found in Subseries 9.3.
Most correspondence outside of Series 1 is the correspondence in Subseries 4.1 and 4.2 of the congressional papers; the campaign correspondence found throughout Series 3; the speaking engagements correspondence in Subseries 7.2; and the correspondence located in Subseries 2.26 (as with the congressional period, both personal and official), which contains Lowenstein's files while he was a representative of the Carter Administration to the United Nations Human Rights Commission.
Please note: In the published guide to the Lowenstein papers, The Allard K. Lowenstein Papers, 1924-1985, researchers will find an index to selected incoming correspondence found in the papers. The index is based largely on the incoming correspondence found in Subseries 1.1. However, the index will also assist researchers in locating the large amounts of correspondence located in other portions of the Lowenstein papers.
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Subseries 1.1. General Correspondence, 1940-1980.
Arrangement: incoming then outgoing, arranged chronologically.
General correspondence to and from Allard Lowenstein. The majority of Subseries 1.1 consists of incoming correspondence. Outgoing correspondence comprises only one cubic foot. This description of the subseries is divided into separate sections for the incoming and outgoing correspondence. The description for incoming correspondence is broken down into decades.
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Subseries 1.1.1. Incoming Correspondence, 1940s.
Mostly personal correspondence from Allard Lowenstein's family and friends. Initial correspondence consists primarily of letters from school friends on vacation. Correspondence for the summers of 1943 and 1944, while Lowenstein was at camp, is mostly from family members. Correspondence subsequent to these summers is often from friends Lowenstein met at camp.
Also included in the correspondence between 1941 and 1945 are letters which discuss World War II, with references to difficulties faced by blacks in the Armed Forces. Additionally, Lowenstein's activities at the Horace Mann School for Boys are discussed in the correspondence for this period. After his graduation, Lowenstein maintained correspondence for several years with members of the Horace Mann faculty and staff.
During Lowenstein's years at UNC, 1945 1949, his parents were frequent correspondents. They provided Lowenstein with much advice and news of the family. Also included during this period are several letters from friends and acquaintances relating to Lowenstein's concern for racial equality and integration; his interest in student government activities and the orientation of new students; his opinions regarding Zionism and various national and local political campaigns; and his involvement in the Encampment for Citizenship and the United States National Student Association.
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Subseries 1.1.2. Incoming Correspondence, 1950s.
Lowenstein's activities and concerns as president of the United States National Student Association are discussed in the correspondence for 1950 and 1951; letters from NSA members and officials can also be found throughout the correspondence for the decade. Also included in the correspondence between 1950 and 1955 are letters concerning Lowenstein's work in the political campaigns of Frank Porter Graham in 1950 and Adlai Stevenson in 1952; Lowenstein's activities while at Yale Law School; his concerns regarding communism, McCarthyism, and academic freedom; his growing friendship with Eleanor Roosevelt; and his service in the United States Army. The incoming correspondence between 1953 and 1955 is unusually sparse, although there is much outgoing correspondence for this period (see folders 552 556).
Included in the correspondence between 1956 and 1959 are letters which discuss Lowenstein's discharge from the Army; his involvement with the Young Democrats in the 1956 presidential campaign; his travels in the United States on behalf of the Collegiate Council for the United Nations; and his appointment as an assistant to Senator Hubert H. Humphrey. The correspondence for 1958 and 1959 discusses Lowenstein's growing interest in South Africa and South West Africa (later Namibia), his first trip to South Africa, the preparations for a clandestine trip to South West Africa, and his subsequent testimony before the United Nations on behalf of the leaders of that territory.
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Subseries 1.1.3. Incoming Correspondence, 1960s.
Correspondence between 1960 and 1966 includes letters which discuss the writing and publication of Brutal Mandate; Lowenstein's continued interest in South Africa; his growing interest in anti Franco groups in Spain; his appointment and activities as a dean at Stanford University; his civil rights activities in North Carolina and Mississippi while an instructor at North Carolina State University; his concern about United States military participation in Vietnam; and his growing involvement in New York and national politics. The early sixties also mark the beginning of a great deal of correspondence from students, often expressing their opinions regarding national and international affairs and their admiration for Lowenstein; these letters are prevalent throughout the rest of the incoming general correspondence.
Correspondence for 1967 and 1968 includes letters which discuss nationwide anti Vietnam War sentiment and activities; Lowenstein's efforts to prevent President Johnson from being renominated by the Democratic Party; Lowenstein's activities on behalf of Eugene McCarthy's campaign for the presidency; and his own successful campaign for Congress from the Fifth Congressional District of New York. As mentioned above, correspondence for the period while Lowenstein served in Congress, 1969 1970, is sparse. The researcher should refer to Series 4 for the majority of correspondence documenting this period.
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Subseries 1.1.4. Incoming Correspondence, 1970s.
Correspondence for the last decade of Lowenstein's life includes letters relating to his various unsuccessful political campaigns for United States House and Senate seats from New York; the youth voter registration drive of 1971; his support for the 1972 McGovern presidential campaign; his investigation of the assassination of Robert F. Kennedy in the mid 1970s; his United Nations service and travels; and his aid to Edward M. Kennedy's 1980 campaign for the Democratic presidential nomination. As with the congressional period, the correspondence for 1977 and 1978 is very sparse; the researcher should refer to Subseries 2.26 for additional correspondence for this period.
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Subseries 1.1.5. Outgoing Correspondence, 1943-1980.
Correspondence from Lowenstein to family and friends regarding his various activities and travels (see description for incoming correspondence). Also included are letters which confirm speaking engagements, and acknowledgments for campaign contributions and assistance. There is a large amount of correspondence, carbon copies of typed letters from Lowenstein, for the years he served in the United States Army.
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Subseries 1.2. Routine Correspondence, 1941-1980.
Arrangement: incoming then outgoing arranged chronologically.
Mostly greeting cards and circular letters to Lowenstein from family, friends, and acquaintances. While most of these items contain only signatures, many also contain substantive messages to Lowenstein. For subjects covered, see the preceding description for the incoming general correspondence. Folders 769-782 contain greeting cards and circular letters sent by Lowenstein to family and friends.
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Series 2. Activities Files, 1935-1980.
Arrangement: by activity or organization.
A wide array of records relating to the career of Allard Lowenstein. For separate discussions of the types and contents of records for each category, consult the subseries descriptions and container lists which follow.
The subseries in Series 2 are arranged in the rough order of Lowenstein's participation in the organization or activity. Occasionally, a subseries will overlap chronologically with subsequent subseries. For example, Subseries 2.3 relates to Lowenstein's attendance at the University of North Carolina both as an undergraduate in the late 1940s, and as a graduate student in 1957-1958.
Subseries 2.6, the largest in Series 2, pertains to Lowenstein's various United Nations appointments in the Carter Administration. The next largest group of records, Subseries 2.24, is a set of files relating to Lowenstein's attempts to reopen the investigation of the assassination of Robert F. Kennedy. Following these two subseries in size are groups of records on Lowenstein's involvement in Americans for Democratic Action (2.22); his attendance at the University of North Carolina (2.3); his journey in the late 1950s to South West Africa (2.11); his participation in various other activities and organizations over the years (2.29); and his involvement in the United States National Student Association (2.6). Other subseries in Series 2 contains under one cubic foot.
The arrangement of records within each subseries is discussed in the individual subseries descriptions and container lists. For the most part the arrangement was imposed on these records, since they were often drawn together from various locations within the original collection. The most notable exception, however, is Subseries 2.26, the United Nations files, which were kept insofar as possible in their original order.
Additional documentation of Lowenstein's involvement in various activities and organizations over the course of his career is in Series 3, Political Campaigns, and Series 4, United States Congress.
There is correspondence in Series 1 that relates in part to the activities in Series 2.
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Subseries 2.1. Ethical Culture School, 1935-1939.
Teachers' evaluations of Allard Lowenstein's school work from the second through the fifth grades; class reports; a set of essays hat Allard wrote on explorers; a school newsletter; and a certificate awarded upon his completion of the sixth grade.
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Subseries 2.2. Horace Mann School for Boys, 1939-1945.
School work; copies of Horace Mann publications, and materials on Lowenstein's editorship of The Horace Mann Record; alumni publications, and invitations to alumni affairs; and correspondence and other items that document Allard's experiences at the school.
The school work in Subseries 2.2 predates Lowenstein's attendance at the Horace Mann School, because several of these materials were passed on to Allard by his older brother Larry. Articles by Allard Lowenstein appeared in three of the publications in Subseries 2.2: The Horace Mann Quarterly; The Linguist; and The Horace Mann Record, the student newspaper for which he was editor-in-chief during the 1944-1945 academic year. A bound volume of the Record during Lowenstein's period as editor can be found in folder 24. Clipped items from the Record, including a series of columns by Lowenstein entitled "Manhattan Fanfare," are located in folders 28-29.
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Subseries 2.3. University of North Carolina, 1945-1950; 1957-1958.
This subseries contains Lowenstein's school work both while he was an undergraduate and while he was in graduate school in history at UNC. Also included are correspondence, minutes, campaign literature, notes, and mimeographed materials that document his participation in student government and in other organizations at UNC; reports, minutes, lists, and other records portraying his involvement in the orientation of new students, first as an orientation counselor in 1947, and then as chair of the Orientation Committee in 1949; and university publications, programs and invitations to meetings, newspaper clippings, and other miscellaneous materials.
The school work, arranged alphabetically by subject, includes class notes and notebooks, course syllabi, essays, and examinations. Since Lowenstein's undergraduate major was history, materials on that subject predominate. The religion notes in folder 58 contain an essay Lowenstein wrote on Zionism. Several of the notebooks included with his school work contain, in addition to class notes, information on Lowenstein's involvement in student government at the University, including student government election statistics (see also folders 72-73).
The materials on student government document issues that concerned many students at UNC in the middle and late 1940s, especially the problem of race. Included among these records are campaign flyers and posters distributed by Lowenstein and other candidates for student government office at UNC.
Subseries 2.3 also documents Lowenstein's involvement in other organizations while he was a student at the University of North Carolina. He was a student representative to the North Carolina Student Legislative Assembly in 1946 and 1949, a founder of the National Conference of Students, and the student representative on the Executive Committee of the North Carolina World Peace Forum. Folder 87 contains a few materials on the possibility of UNC's affiliation with the United States National Student Association.
Lowenstein was also president of the Dialectic Literary Society in 1948-1949. A majority of the materials found in the Lowenstein papers documenting his participation in the Dialectic Society were official records of that organization, and have been transferred to the University Archives: Student Organizations and Activities: Dialectic Literary Society Records. These records, which included minutes, membership rosters, committee reports, resolutions, and correspondence, have been inserted into the Dialectic Literary Society Records for the period from 1945-1948, and are available to the researcher there.
Folder 106 contains a scrapbook of newspaper clippings from the Daily Tar Heel, the UNC student newspaper. Most of the clippings are by, although a few are about, Lowenstein while he was serving on the Editorial Board of the Daily Tar Heel. Included in this scrapbook are a series of columns written by Lowenstein under the title of "Esse Quam Videri."
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Subseries 2.4. Encampment for Citizenship, 1947, 1965.
Questionnaires, correspondence, lists, notes, minutes, newsletters, programs, and printed materials relating to Allard Lowenstein's participation as a camper in the Encampment for Citizenship of 1947, and as director of the New York Encampment in 1965. Lowenstein also served as a member of both the Board of Directors and the Executive Committee after his work as a director.
Included in the records of the 1965 New York Encampment, which comprise a majority of this subseries, are lists of "encampers," memoranda, and budget information in folder 125. Folders 128-129 contain extensive notes of staff members regarding arrangements made for speakers at the 1965 Encampment. The questionnaires in this subseries are often preceded by statistical tallies.
Folder 144 contains minutes of the Board and Executive Committee meetings in which Lowenstein participated or was mentioned. Other minutes and Encampment records that were mailed to Lowenstein, but did not mention him, were removed from the collection. Correspondence and programs relating to a tribute to Lucile Kohn, who was an active member of the Encampment Board and a close friend of Lowenstein, are located in folder 145. Two other Encampment sponsored events in which Lowenstein was involved one of which was a 1969 tribute to him are documented in folder 146. Several invitations to meetings and other Encampment affairs can be found in folder 147; and folders 149-150 contain Encampment alumni materials that mention or shed light on Lowenstein's subsequent involvement in the Encampment for Citizenship.
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Subseries 2.5. Frank P. Graham Legislative Assistant, 1949-1950.
Correspondence, speeches, reports, press releases, campaign literature, memoranda, notes, and lists relating to Allard Lowenstein's work as a legislative assistant to North Carolina Senator Frank Porter Graham. This subseries also includes documentation on the 1950 Senate campaign, in which Willis Smith defeated Graham in the second Democratic primary.
The correspondence in this subseries includes letters to the Graham Senate office from constituents, North Carolina politicians, and business and civic leaders from the state. Subjects addressed in the correspondence which consists of letters to both Graham and Lowenstein include constituent matters, legislation, and the Senate campaign. Outgoing letters in response can be found from both Graham and Lowenstein. Often Lowenstein would draft Graham's responses to constituent letters.
The majority of the Graham statements in folders 155-158 is final drafts, and includes carbon and mimeographed copies. There are also drafts of statements with handwritten revisions by Lowenstein. The statements detail positions Graham took while in the Senate and during the campaign on issues of national importance such as communism, race, and the Korean conflict. A few statements of other congressmen on Graham can be found in folder 159.
Folders 165-171 consist entirely of records on the 1950 Senate campaign, although other materials relating to the campaign are located elsewhere in this subseries. "The Case for Frank Graham" was a series of four essays revised, and probably drafted, by Allard Lowenstein. The records in folders 170-171 were housed in a scrapbook compiled by Lowenstein. Included among these records are campaign posters, fliers, circular letters, and press reprints of Graham and Willis Smith. Especially prominent in these records are the charges and counter charges regarding Graham's liberal stance on the issue of race.
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Subseries 2.6. United States National Student Association, 1950-1967.
Correspondence, minutes, reports, memoranda, speeches, notes, and printed materials relating to the United States National Student Association. Approximately half the records in Subseries 2.6 pertains to the period 1950-1951, during which Allard Lowenstein served as president of the organization. The rest of the records in this subseries date from after Lowenstein's presidency. Some of the subjects documented in these NSA records are anti-communism, academic freedom, race, and the NSA's affiliation with international student organizations.
The correspondence in this subseries is mostly official correspondence to and from Lowenstein while he was president of NSA. Included among the other presidential records is a notebook of official NSA material - circular letters, reports, and newsletters - distributed while Lowenstein was president (folder 178). Folders 185-191 contain information on several conferences in which Lowenstein participated while he was president of NSA.
One of the most significant of these conferences was the initial meeting of the International Student Conference, held in Stockholm in December 1950. Hosted by three Scandinavian countries and attended by delegates from 21 nations, the International Student Conference was a gathering of students who had become disgruntled with the direction taken by the more left wing International Union of Students. The NSA was among the national student organizations represented at Stockholm which opposed the direction in which the IUS was heading. The documentation in folders 186-189, which includes a pamphlet containing the text of a speech made by Lowenstein at the Stockholm conference, is significant because it indicates the NSA's outlook on international affairs and opposition to communism at a critical point in the organization's early history.
The records that date from after Lowenstein's presidency of the NSA, arranged chronologically, include agenda, minutes, reports, press releases, and notes pertaining mostly to the annual National Student Congresses of the NSA. Lowenstein continued to attend these congresses, gave speeches, and worked with students on issues that concerned them.
The post presidential records also contain information on several of the controversies surrounding the NSA. The 1953 records, for example, document attacks on the NSA made by Students for America, which charged the NSA with being "leftist dominated." Also documented are attacks on the NSA from more radical student organizations, especially after the disclosure in 1967 of a connection between the NSA and the Central Intelligence Agency. Most of the 1967 records, in fact, relate to allegations of CIA funding of NSA programs, and Lowenstein's denial of any such connection while he was president of the organization. For the draft of a 1967 statement by Lowenstein regarding the NSA CIA connection, see Subseries 5.1, Writings by Lowenstein.
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Subseries 2.7. Yale University, 1951-1954, 1965.
School work, grade reports, questionnaires, correspondence, programs, and legal briefs pertaining to Allard Lowenstein's years as a law student at Yale University. The school work notebooks, assignments, case books, and essays is arranged chronologically in the order of the courses Lowenstein took in law school, with miscellaneous undated items following those that have been dated. The notebooks consist largely of class notes, but also contain other kinds of entries, including vote totals for the 1952 presidential campaign (see also 3.1, Students for Stevenson). Folder 219 contains a legal brief Lowenstein wrote for Yale's Moot Court competition on a case involving racial discrimination in education.
Lowenstein was a resident counselor in the 1953 academic year for the orientation program at Yale, which was called "The Freshman Year." In addition to memoranda, reports, lists, and notes regarding the program, there are multiple copies of two questionnaires distributed to Yale freshmen which reveal much about student attitudes on sexual relations and on communism.
There are a few items relating to Lowenstein's work as a community counselor for the Yale Summer High School program in 1965. Records documenting the teaching position Lowenstein held at Yale University in 1971 are in Subseries 2.21.
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Subseries 2.8. United States Army, 1954-1956.
Memoranda, special orders, course notes, correspondence, and a variety of official documents relating to Lowenstein's two years in the United States Army. Folder 237 contains a volume on Lowenstein's regiment at Fort Jackson, South Carolina, where he was in basic training. Class notes, tests, and forms pertaining to a course he took at Fort Jackson are located in folders 238-240. The miscellaneous records include travel papers, leave of absence and personnel forms, incident reports, and financial records tracing many of Lowenstein's activities in the Army, especially while he was stationed in Germany.
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Subseries 2.9. Collegiate Council for the United Nations, 1956-1957.
Reports, newsletters, correspondence, itineraries, memoranda, and other working papers of the American Association of the United Nations, and a subsidiary organization, the Collegiate Council for the United Nations. Allard Lowenstein served in 1956-1957 as the field secretary for the CCUN. Much of the correspondence and all the itineraries pertain to Lowenstein's travel to college campuses around the country to speak on behalf of the CCUN. Lowenstein's annual report as field secretary, which includes appendices and interim field trip reports, is located in folder 245. Several of the records in this subseries date from after the period of Lowenstein's involvement in the CCUN.
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Subseries 2.10. Hubert H. Humphrey Foreign Policy Assistant, 1958-1959.
Correspondence, memoranda, and speeches that relate to Allard Lowenstein's work as a foreign policy assistant to Senator Hubert H. Humphrey. The correspondence consists of letters to and from Lowenstein and Humphrey; there are several letters signed by Humphrey that were written or revised by Lowenstein. The memoranda are mostly compilations of information by Lowenstein and other Humphrey legislative assistants on American foreign policy in Africa, Europe, and the Middle East, and on domestic issues. The five speeches in this subseries are mostly drafts written by Lowenstein for delivery by Humphrey; they include a draft by Lowenstein of a speech on Africa.
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Subseries 2.11. South West Africa, 1954-1963.
United Nations documents, correspondence, press statements, and conference proceedings and reports that document Allard Lowenstein's 1959 trip to South West Africa to investigate conditions there. Lowenstein was accompanied on the trip by Emory Bundy and Sherman Bull, and the three men returned to testify before the United Nations Fourth Committee studying conditions in South West Africa. Lowenstein wrote of their experiences in South West Africa in Brutal Mandate: A Journey to South West Africa, a book published in 1962.
The bulk of the records in Subseries 2.11 are United Nations documents on South West Africa, which are arranged in chronological order: statements, testimony, press releases, reports, resolutions, and official printed records of Fourth Committee sessions. Although the testimony of Lowenstein, Bundy and Bull appears only in the September-October 1959 records of the UN, all UN documents were kept together in Subseries 2.11 to provide the researcher some context on the problems they investigated in South West Africa. Records regarding two student conferences Lowenstein attended in South West Africa can be found in folders 268-269; two programs in which Lowenstein reported their findings shortly after the trip are located in folders 270-271. See Series 10, Subseries 2 for sound recordings of Lowenstein, Bundy and Bull's UN testimony as well as testimony of Africans recorded by Lowenstein.
Several other records relating to Lowenstein's work and interest in Africa are elsewhere in the collection. Research materials on Africa, many of which Lowenstein probably collected in connection with the 1959 trip, are in Series 6, Research Files. Subseries 6.1 also includes the files of Ethel Grossman, Lowenstein's secretary with whom he worked very closely on Brutal Mandate, civil rights, and his congressional campaigns in the 1960s. The researcher interested in Lowenstein's involvement in African affairs should also consult the files in Subseries 5.1 on Brutal Mandate, and the speeches in Subseries 7.3 for the late 1950s and early 1960s.
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Subseries 2.12. Stanford University, 1961-1962.
Correspondence, university publications, memoranda and reports, and teaching materials relating to Lowenstein's year at Sanford University, during which he was a faculty member in the Political Science Department, and served as assistant dean of men and as director of Stern Hall, a residence hall for male students. These files documents such topics as Lowenstein's handling of student problems; tensions which emerged between students and the University's administration; controversies regarding fraternities on campus; faculty and staff matters; and housing problems at Stern Hall.
Lowenstein taught courses on Africa and on international law, and the teaching materials in folders 318-320 include course syllabi, reading lists, examinations, lists of student and seating charts, and some of Lowenstein's teaching notes. The university publications include student and faculty newsletters, freshman handbooks, Stern Hall handbooks, and a student directory.
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Subseries 2.13. North Carolina State University, 1962-1964.
Teaching materials, departmental reports and memoranda, correspondence, questionnaires, and records relating to Lowenstein's interest in civil rights in the Raleigh area while he was a faculty member in the Social Science Department at North Carolina State University.
While he was at N.C. State, Lowenstein was controversial because of his participation in efforts to desegregate public facilities in Raleigh, Durham, and Chapel Hill, and because of his involvement in the civil rights movement in Mississippi. Folder 348 includes documentation on a Raleigh civil rights organization in which Lowenstein was involved. Included among the miscellaneous records in folder 351 is an item that reveals plans for Lowenstein and Jesse Helms to write opposing articles for a Christian journal during the 1964 political campaign.
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Subseries 2.14. Civil Rights Movement, 1963-1964.
Press releases, reports, correspondence, memoranda, lists of names, and mimeographed materials documenting Lowenstein's participation in the civil rights movement in Mississippi. Over half the records in Subseries 2.14 relate to the organization of the November 1963 mock election vote for Aaron Henry, a black Clarksdale pharmacist whose campaign for governor of Mississippi inspired many blacks across the state to register to vote. Lowenstein was on Henry's "advisory committee," and recruited college students - especially from Stanford and Yale - to come to Mississippi in order to aid with black voter registration.
There are also several records on the Mississippi Summer Project of 1964, a joint effort by a number of civil rights organizations to continue registering blacks, and to open freedom schools and community centers across the state. A number of northern and western student volunteers participated in this project as well, although in this subseries there is less information on recruitment of students for this latter project than for the Freedom Vote campaign. There are also a few items relating to the challenge by the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party to unseat the regular, all-white Mississippi delegation at the Democratic National Convention in August 1964 (see also Subseries 3.15).
Further information on the civil rights movement can be found in the "Civil rights" files in Subseries 6.1.
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Subseries 2.15. Americans for a Reappraisal of Far Eastern Policy, 1965-1966.
Circular letters, reports, press releases, correspondence, and publications distributed by Americans for a Reappraisal of Far Eastern Policy, an organization founded at the 18th National Congress of the United States National Student Association in 1965. Lowenstein was among the adult founders of the organization, whose purpose was to redefine American foreign policy objectives in the Far East, and especially to encourage both a cease fire in Vietnam and American diplomatic recognition of mainland China. Aside from Lowenstein, others involved in the organization were the Reverent William Sloane Coffin, Jr., Michael Harrington, and Norman Thomas.
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Subseries 2.16. Committee on Free Elections in the Dominican Republic, 1966.
Reports, circular letters, memoranda, press reports, and testimony relating to the Committee on Free Elections in the Dominican Republic, whose purpose was to ensure that the elections there in June 1966 would be democratic. Lowenstein, a member of the Committee, traveled to the Dominican Republic to monitor the elections as an independent observer in the late Spring of 1966. He also collected testimony from people who were involved in Dominican political affairs (folder 393). Norman Thomas was spokesman for the Committee, and others documented in this subseries who were active in the organization include Bayard Rustin and Fred Goff, a former student of Lowenstein at Stanford.
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Subseries 2.17. National Committee for a Sane Nuclear Policy, 1960; 1966-1976.
Memoranda, correspondence, circular letters, minutes, reports, and leaflets and flyers that chronicle Allard Lowenstein's participation in the National Committee for a Sane Nuclear Policy (SANE). Lowenstein first became involved in SANE activities during the organization's 1960 Campaign for Disarmament, the purpose of which was to propose arms control and promote improved Soviet-American relations. In 1966, Lowenstein was elected to SANE's National Board of Directors, and served on the Board until approximately 1976. Folders 400-403 include Board minutes, agenda, statements, directories, and other mailings relating to support for the "Dump Johnson" movement in which Lowenstein was active, as well as a couple of items on the organization's presentation of the 1971 Eleanor Roosevelt Peace Award to Lowenstein.
Approximately half a cubic foot of materials, which Lowenstein collected, but which are unrelated to his involvement in SANE, have been transferred to the SANE archives at the Swarthmore College Peace Collection in Swarthmore, Pennsylvania.
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Subseries 2.18. Southern Christian Leadership Conference, 1967-1980.
Reports, annual meeting agendas and brochures, correspondence, circular letters, memoranda, and other materials relating to Lowenstein's service on the Board of Directors of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference. Lowenstein, who was the first white member appointed to the SCLC Board, participated in a few of the SCLC's annual meetings, and made donations to the organization. These are the two primary aspects of his participation documented in Subseries 2.18. Although this subseries contains records dating up to the time of Lowenstein's death in 1980, his involvement in SCLC activities apparently subsided in the early-mid 1970s.
About one cubic foot of materials collected by Lowenstein has been transferred to the archives of the Martin Luther King, Jr. Center for Nonviolent Social Change in Atlanta, Georgia. These include records of the SCLC, as well as civil rights records of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee, the Congress of Racial Equality, and the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party. Records transferred also include many relating to the King Center itself. (For further information on Lowenstein's membership on the King Center's Board of Trustees, the researcher should consult Subseries 2.29.)
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Subseries 2.19. South Vietnam Elections, 1967.
Reports, press releases, newsletters, campaign literature, financial records, and handwritten notes documenting Lowenstein's trip to South Vietnam as an independent observer of the elections held there in early September of 1967. President Johnson had appointed a commission to observe the Vietnamese elections, but Lowenstein was not included in this commission. A manifesto including handwritten revisions by Lowenstein can be found in folder 421; although the purpose for its having been drafted is unclear, it reflects the views of those opposed to the Johnson Administration's insistence that the elections were fair and democratic.
The bulk of the records in this subseries are background research materials Lowenstein received on the Vietnamese elections, and on the progress of the war during this period.
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Subseries 2.20. City College of New York, 1967-1968.
Correspondence, departmental memoranda and circular letters, course syllabi, and class lists relating to Lowenstein's appointment to teach one course each semester at the City College of New York during the 1967-1968 academic year.
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Subseries 2.21. Post-Congressional Teaching Positions, 1971-1976.
Course syllabi, faculty memoranda and circular letters, correspondence, class lists, and course evaluations that document several of the teaching positions Lowenstein held following his term in the House of Representatives. About half the records in this subseries pertain to a course Lowenstein taught, immediately after losing his bid for reelection, at Yale University on the "Urban Congressman and Social Policy." Approximately one cubic foot of records - some duplicates, but mostly students' seminar papers that were graded for Lowenstein by teaching assistants - have been discarded.
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Subseries 2.22. Americans for Democratic Action, 1947-1957; 1966-1980.
Correspondence, memoranda, minutes, publications, and other records relating to Allard Lowenstein's work on behalf of Americans for Democratic Action. Lowenstein first became involved in the organization--especially the student group called Students for Democratic Action--at the time of its formation in 1947. The bulk of the records in Subseries 2.22, however, date from 1966, when Lowenstein became a vice-chair and a member of ADA's National Board. Much of this subseries deals with Lowenstein's term as national chair for ADA from 1971-1973.
Subseries 2.22 contains a large number of administrative records such as memoranda, personnel lists, financial records, and meeting minutes of the ADA National Board, National Executive Committee, and annual conventions. There are also records pertaining to organizations affiliated with ADA, especially the New York chapter of ADA. The records for both the national organization and the New York chapter include several publications that document the shifts in ADA's policy priorities from the late 1960s through the early 1970s. Prominent among the topics covered in this subseries during Lowenstein's tenure as vice chair, Board member, and national chair are Vietnam, the "Dump Johnson" movement, civil rights, economic policy, Democratic Party reform, the registration of young voters , the McGovern presidential campaign of 1972, and the Middle East.
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Subseries 2.23. Democratic National Committee, 1972-1976.
Lists, correspondence, memoranda, minutes, and newsletters relating to Lowenstein's tenure on the Democratic National Committee. Over half the records in the subseries pertain to an allied organization, the New Democratic Coalition. Other documentation on Democratic Party politics is located in Series 3 and Series 6. In fact, most of the substantive mailings Lowenstein received from the Democratic National Committee can be found under the "Democratic Party" heading in Subseries 6.2.
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Subseries 2.24. Robert F. Kennedy Assassination Study, 1975-1976.
RESTRICTED: bout 1,500 items in this subseries have been placed under restriction, including several drafts and notes on the book that was never published. Researchers may use this material with the permission of the donor.
Drafts and final copies of writings, reports, memoranda, correspondence, press clippings, affidavits and other legal records, and notes that pertain to the involvement of Allard Lowenstein and others in the effort to reopen the investigation into the assassination of Robert F. Kennedy. The primary impetus to reopen this investigation came in the mid 1970s, approximately seven years after Kennedy's death.
Lowenstein became involved in the investigation to the extent that he both wrote a great deal on the assassination and presented his views before the press. Subseries 2.24 contains drafts, chapter outlines, and other records relating to a book Lowenstein was planning and writing on the Kennedy assassination, but which was never published. Documentation on several other articles Lowenstein wrote during this period which were published can be found in Subseries 5.1, Writings by Lowenstein. This subseries contains, in addition to records on the Robert Kennedy assassination, several files on the assassination of President John F. Kennedy.
The files that constitute this subseries were largely reconstructed from files created on the Kennedy assassination investigation by Gregory Stone, Lowenstein's administrative assistant. The researcher will find that Stone's influence permeates the structure and content of these files, as is the case with the political campaign files for the 1970s (Series 3) and the research files for the 1970s (Series 6).
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Subseries 2.25. Edmund G. Brown, Jr., Political Consultant, 1975.
Memoranda, office lists, correspondence and reports on Lowenstein's involvement during the Summer of 1975 in the activities of recently elected California Governor Jerry Brown.
For a brief time, Lowenstein acted as a political and legislative consultant to Brown's office on such matters as the structure of state government, the organization of an intern program at the office, and the possibility of a presidential bid by Brown in 1976 (see also Subseries 3.15).
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Subseries 2.26. United Nations Appointments, 1977-1978.
Arrangement: original order of files, by topic.
Correspondence; memoranda and reports; official United Nations and United States Government documents such as press releases, telegrams, reports, and memoranda; telephone messages and rough notes; and foreign press clippings on Lowenstein while he served as an American representative to the United Nations during the Carter Administration.
President Carter first named Lowenstein the United States Representative to the United Nations Human Rights Commission in Geneva in February 1977. In August 1977, Lowenstein was appointed Ambassador to the United Nations for Special Political Affairs and United States Representative to the United Nations Trusteeship Council. The files in Subseries 2.26, which have been kept insofar as possible in their original order, relate to both of Lowenstein's United Nations appointments.
A set of personal files (folders 770-852) includes much of the personal correspondence Lowenstein received in 1977-1978. It is for this reason that a gap exists in the Series 1 correspondence for these two years. Other types of correspondence - such as congratulatory mail, thank-you letters, and letters requesting Lowenstein to speak - can also be found in the United Nations personal files. In fact, speaking and other scheduling files comprise roughly half of the personal files.
Administrative files (folders 853-887) include information relating to Lowenstein's official United Nations duties. The series of files on Lowenstein's official United Nations trips (folders 888-897) include information on the arrangements and results of these trips. Further, these files contain foreign press clippings on Lowenstein's travels for the United Nations (these were photocopied and interfiled in Subseries 5.2). The next two brief sets of files--those on Conferences (folders 898-907) and Cables (folders 908-910)--relate chiefly to Lowenstein's appointment to the United Nations Human Rights Commission in Geneva.
The next set of United Nations files, simply labeled "People" (folders 911-983), contains mostly correspondence and primarily involves individuals who brought their cases regarding human rights violations before the United Nations. Also included are friends and acquaintances of Lowenstein. The next few sets of files contain chiefly printed materials and some correspondence relating to several different types of human rights and other organizations.
Folders 1099-1171, Countries, include correspondence, printed materials, and United Nations and United States Government documents on human rights in specific countries. The largest amounts of material can be found on Micronesia, Guam, South Africa, Northern Ireland, and the Soviet Union.
Another short set of files (folders 1172-1182) contains further information on press coverage of Lowenstein and of the United Nations' emphasis on human rights problems. Folders 1183-1227 contain printed materials, correspondence, and other records pertaining to various issues of concern to Lowenstein and to the United Nations during this period.
The United Nations files in Subseries 2.26 originally contained several security-classified documents, many from the United States Department of State. These documents were sent to the National Archives in Washington, D.C., where they were either declassified and returned to the collection, or placed under restriction.
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Subseries 2.27. Zimbabwe Rhodesia, 1979.
RESTRICTED: Handwritten drafts, and mimeographed and carbon copies of Lowenstein's memoranda regarding negotiations having to do with transition to black majority rule (in folder 1234) have been restricted, as have been a few notes on people (in folder 1237). As with previous subseries on Lowenstein's United Nations appointments, a few security-classified Department of State telegrams (from folder 1231) have been sent to the National Archives for declassification or restriction.
Correspondence, itineraries and travel arrangements, official Rhodesian government election observer materials, United States Government telegrams, and miscellaneous notes and lists relating to Lowenstein's role in negotiating the transition to black majority rule in Zimbabwe Rhodesia.
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Subseries 2.28. Law Offices, 1979-1980.
Correspondence, memoranda, and miscellaneous records relating to the two law firms with which Lowenstein was associated during the last year of his life.
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Subseries 2.29. Other Activities and Organizations, 1944-1980.
Memoranda, reports, minutes, flyers, programs, newsletters, and correspondence regarding Allard Lowenstein's involvement in activities or organizations other than the most prevalent ones documented in the other subseries of Series 2. The researcher will note that, as with the other subseries in this series, the categories in Subseries 2.29 reflect Lowenstein's interest over time in such areas as civil rights, African affairs, Spanish affairs, the anti-war movement, youth activism, Jewish affairs, the impeachment of President Nixon, Democratic Party politics, and issues involving the New York metropolitan area.
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Series 3. Political Campaigns, 1942-1980.
Arrangement: chronological by campaign.
Campaign literature, correspondence, contact lists and contribution lists, memoranda, position papers, press releases, research materials, maps, statistics, and legal and financial records on the several political campaigns in which Lowenstein was involved. The subseries in this series are defined by local, state, or national political campaign, and are arranged chronologically. Subseries 3.15 contains documentation on campaigns other than the major ones in which Lowenstein was involved.
Approximately one third of Series 3 consists of records relating to Lowenstein's unsuccessful 1972 congressional campaign in Brooklyn (Subseries 3.10). The next largest group of records, Subseries 3.6, documents the "Dump Johnson" movement. For Lowenstein's congressional campaigns in the 1970s, the nature and scope of the materials are similar. The researcher should consult the description of Subseries 3.7 below for further information on the nature and arrangement of Lowenstein's congressional campaign materials.
Additional documentation on the political campaigns in which Lowenstein participated is located elsewhere in the collection. The pre-congressional research files in Subseries 6.1 contain extensive information on the New York Democratic reform movement (see also Subseries 3.3, 3.4, and 3.5). Subseries 6.2, post-congressional research files, contains campaign-related files on Lowenstein's various opponents, including Norman Lent (Subseries 3.8), John Rooney (3.10), Jacob Javits (3.11), John Wydler (3.12 and 3.13), and Carter Burden (3.14). Scheduling materials related to the campaigns are available in Series 8. Campaign buttons are located in Subseries 9.5.
Other pertinent materials on the political campaigns in which Lowenstein was involved are located in Series 5 (writings and press clippings), Series 7 (speeches and interviews), and Series 10 (photographs and audio tapes).
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Subseries 3.1. Students for Stevenson, 1952.
Correspondence, name lists, campaign literature and press releases, and questionnaires that document the 1952 presidential campaign of Adlai E. Stevenson. Fully half the records in this subseries are the correspondence sent to Allard Lowenstein, who was chair of a campaign organization called Students for Stevenson, and to other people in this campaign office. Much of this correspondence includes lists of suggested names of people on college campuses across the country who were supporters of Stevenson. There are carbon copies of outgoing letters of the Students for Stevenson office, as well as circular letters sent out by Lowenstein as chair of the organization. Fuller lists of the college students contracted by the office can be found in folders 16-21.
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Subseries 3.2. Young Democrats, 1956.
Correspondence, campaign literature, other printed materials, and mimeographed press releases, reports, and memoranda relating to Adlai Stevenson's 1956 presidential campaign. This subseries includes campaign records of the Young Democratic Clubs of America, the organization for which Lowenstein worked during the campaign; the Stevenson, Kefauver, and Eisenhower national campaign organizations; and the Democratic National Committee. As is the case with the 1952 Stevenson campaign files, many of these records reflect Lowenstein's involvement in campaign issues, his interest in voting statistics, and his political contacts on college campuses across the country.
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Subseries 3.3. New York Reform Democrats, 1960.
Campaign literature, circular letters, memoranda, press releases, and a variety of other materials pertaining to Lowenstein's participation in various New York political campaigns in 1960. While he was still a foreign policy assistant to Hubert Humphrey, Lowenstein began to consider running for office in New York under the aegis of the Reform Democrats.
Lowenstein first considered running for the United States Congress against incumbent Ludwig Teller in the 20th District of New York. After deciding against entering that race, Lowenstein made an unsuccessful attempt in the Democratic primary to gain the seat held by John H. Farrell in the 25th Senatorial District of the New York State Senate. Later in 1960, Lowenstein served as campaign chair of the successful challenge to Teller by William Fitts Ryan, another of the New York Democratic party's reform candidates.
In 1960, Lowenstein was elected as an alternate delegate from the New York delegation to the Democratic National Convention (see Subseries 3.15). The vote totals for Lowenstein's election as a delegate are found in folder 62. For further information on Lowenstein's interest and active participation in the New York Reform Democratic movement in the early-mid 1960s, see especially the materials found under that heading in Subseries 6.1.
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Subseries 3.4. Ryan for Mayor, 1965.
Campaigning literature, circular letters, correspondence, mimeographed materials, and handwritten notes on the unsuccessful bid of William F. Ryan to be mayor of New York City in 1965. During the campaign, Lowenstein acted as chair of an organization called Citizens for Ryan for Mayor.
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Subseries 3.5. New York 19th Congressional District, 1966.
Campaign literature, correspondence, lists, memoranda, programs and invitations, notes, and other materials on Lowenstein's unsuccessful campaign to be the Reform Democratic candidate for Congress from New York's 19th District. After Lowenstein lost to Ted Weiss in the Democratic primary in March, his name was mentioned by the Reform Independent Democrats as a possible reform candidate for the 17th District seat (see folder 86). Lowenstein removed his name from consideration for the latter seat, and supported Weiss in his unsuccessful bid to unseat the incumbent congressman in the 19th District, Leonard Farbstein.
Subseries 3.5 includes Lowenstein's campaign literature, especially circular letters, biographical sketches, press reprints, leaflets, and statements reviewing his positions on issues including Vietnam, housing, and poverty; and campaign literature on Lowenstein's Reform Democratic opponents, especially Ted Weiss (whose literature includes a letter of endorsement by Lowenstein and the other reform candidates). The miscellaneous records in folders 87-88 include handwritten notes by Lowenstein, election statistics, Lowenstein campaign stationery, and research materials on other candidates and their positions on issues. As with Subseries 3.3 and 3.4, the researcher can find other records documenting Lowenstein's involvement in the New York Reform Democratic movement in Subseries 6.1.
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Subseries 3.6. Dump Johnson, 1968.
Correspondence, campaign literature, press clippings and press releases, reports, minutes, and other records relating to the organization of the widespread movement within the Democratic Party to deny President Lyndon B. Johnson the presidential nomination in 1968. The majority of the records in Subseries 3.6 date from August 1968, the time of the Democratic National Convention, or earlier.
Lowenstein was involved in this movement, which was nicknamed "Dump Johnson," from the Summer of 1966. It was at that time, and especially during the annual congress of the United States National Student Association, that students began to organize a letter writing campaign to the Johnson Administration in order to protest the escalation of the conflict in Vietnam. Folders 97-104 contain a great deal of information on the letter-writing campaign of student body presidents from colleges and universities throughout the country. These files document the events surrounding a meeting that grew out of this campaign between several student leaders and Secretary of State Dean Rusk; they also document the fact that Lowenstein was involved in helping the student leaders draft their letters to President Johnson and to Rusk. Other letter-writing campaigns which grew out of that of the student body presidents are also documented in Subseries 3.6. Information on a group that acted as a clearinghouse for these letter-writing activities, the Campus Coordinating Committee, can be found especially in the student body president files and in folder 108.
Folders 109-131 document a variety of national and state Democratic organizations formed to oppose Johnson's renomination and, following his withdrawal from the race in March 1968, to support Eugene J. McCarthy or Robert F. Kennedy in their races against Vice President Hubert H. Humphrey. Those organizations in which Lowenstein was most involved include the Conference of Concerned Democrats, and the New York organizations documented in folders 116-118.
Lowenstein was also involved in an organization called the Coalition for an Open Convention, and much documentation of this organization can be found in folders 153-178 of this subseries. The COC files include, for example, information on a conference of the Coalition held in Chicago in late June 1968; the organization of state and regional COC groups; events leading up to the Democratic National Convention in August; and a law suit filed by the COC against the Chicago Park District for its failure to grant a permit for a peaceful demonstration in Chicago during the convention. The records on the law suit include some COC documentation, especially financial records, not found in the other COC materials.
Subseries 3.6 also includes records relating to the Democratic National Convention. A series of state files that were compiled before and during the convention, probably by the COC, document the effort by the supporters of McCarthy and other peace candidates at the convention to overturn Humphrey's nomination. The correspondence, newspaper clippings, and delegate lists in the state files reveal further information about the organization of COC groups at the state level.
Also included in this subseries are press releases, campaign literature, and other records relating to the presidential campaign of Eugene McCarthy. The emphasis in these files is on the organization of the McCarthy campaign in New York, and on the New Hampshire primary, which immediately preceded Johnson's announcement not to run for reelection. There is less comprehensive documentation of the other Democratic candidates' presidential campaigns in folders 147-152.
A run of press clippings on the entire "Dump Johnson" movement can be found in folders 243-275. These include clippings originally housed in a "Dump Johnson" scrapbook compiled by Lowenstein (folder 243; for other clippings on Lowenstein's role in the "Dump Johnson" movement, see also the clippings for 1967 and 1968 in Subseries 5.2); a chronologically arranged run of general clippings on the movement (folders 244-252); and a series of subject files collected by Lowenstein's staff on several aspects of the 1968 presidential campaign (folders 253-275).
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Subseries 3.7. New York 5th Congressional District, 1968.
Correspondence, campaign literature, speeches and statements, lists, instructions to campaign workers, and other records relating to Lowenstein's successful campaign for Congress in 1968. Lowenstein defeated Albert Vorspan in the Democratic primary, and then won the election in November over Republican candidate Mason Hampton.
The records for this campaign and for subsequent campaigns in which Lowenstein ran in the 1970s have been divided into categories according to types of records. This arrangement was necessitated by the fact that very few of the campaign files have been found in their original form. The following comments on these categories of campaign records apply to this and all subsequent Lowenstein congressional campaigns.
The correspondence generally relates to contributions sent to Lowenstein's campaign, and other routine campaign matters such as letters of endorsement, congratulatory or condolence messages, and the ordering of supplies. The campaign literature includes flyers, posters, form letters and mimeographed letters that were circulated widely, article reprints, bumper stickers, biographies of Lowenstein, quotations about Lowenstein, and layouts, sketches, and drafts of campaign literature. Press releases publicize Lowenstein's campaign appearances and his positions on the major issues of a campaign.
The position papers, statements, and research materials reflect much about the issues Lowenstein emphasized in running for office, and differences and occasional similarities between his own positions and those of his opponents. Contributions are usually lists which indicate the name and address of contributors, and amounts they gave to Lowenstein's campaign. Several of the campaigns include information on the congressional district in which Lowenstein was running, such as maps, census information on voters, and election statistics.
The Lowenstein campaign materials usually contain a set of "administrative files" as well. These files include interoffice memoranda, and memoranda from campaign aides to Lowenstein; instructions to Lowenstein election workers, poll watchers, and workers in many of the "storefront" locations Lowenstein would open within the district; personal and media lists; financial and legal records relating to the leasing of office space, the filing of petitions for Lowenstein's nomination, and the routine operations of the campaign (financial records have often been sampled in order to reduce the large bulk of bills and receipts); and miscellaneous materials such as notes, lists, and blank stationery and office forms. The researcher should further note that files kept on Lowenstein's opponents in each campaign have been transferred to Series 6, Research Files.
The correspondence and other records relating to Lowenstein's successful campaign for Congress in 1968 reflect the fact that several people supported Lowenstein, among other reasons, because of his role in influencing the course of the 1968 Democratic presidential campaign (see also Subseries 3.6). In fact, the Lowenstein campaign office in 1968 was also working actively for the presidential campaign of Eugene McCarthy.
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Subseries 3.8. New York 5th Congressional District, 1970.
Correspondence, campaign literature, statements, statistical records, and name lists that document Lowenstein's unsuccessful bid for reelection against Norman Lent in 1970. This subseries contains a great deal of information on Lowenstein's district, especially in folders 330-376. The primary set of district files, contained in folders 343-376, includes lists of key people census information, maps, and election results for both 1968 and 1970 for each township of the district. These files are arranged in numerical order by assembly district within the congressional district, and then alphabetically by township. Folders 380-393 contain much information on the volunteers, most of whom were college students, who worked for Lowenstein's reelection.
A few additional materials relating to Lowenstein's 1970 congressional campaign can be found in Series 4.
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Subseries 3.9. Dump Nixon, 1971-1972.
Printed materials, press clippings, correspondence, lists, and other records that pertain to the organization and activities of the youth voter registration movement that accompanied the passage in 1971 of the 26th Amendment, which gave eighteen year-olds the right to vote. The movement to register young voters also became in part a protest movement popularly known as a program to "dump Nixon." In addition to Lowenstein (just elected chair of ADA at the time), other Democratic politicians and the most notable Republican challenger to the President Representative Paul N. McCloskey of California became involved in the youth voter registration drive.
Several organizations were formed to register young people and encourage them to participate in the 1972 elections. Several of these are documented in folders 442-453. Over half the records in Subseries 3.9 (the majority of materials in folders 406-441) relate to a loosely organized coalition of state organizations known collectively as the Registration Summer project (also known as "Countdown 72"). More specific information on the organization of this project at the state level is available in the state files (folders 420-441).
Folders 454-462 contain campaign literature and other records regarding the candidacies of several of the 1972 presidential aspirants.
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Subseries 3.10. New York 14th Congressional District, 1972.
Correspondence, campaign literature, research materials, and court records pertaining to Lowenstein's unsuccessful 1972 campaign for Congress in Brooklyn's 14th Congressional District. Approximately three-fourths of the records in this subseries relate to a series of suits brought by Lowenstein against his opponent, incumbent Democrat John J. Rooney.
The Democratic primary election in June 1972, won by Rooney, was marked by widespread irregularities throughout the 14th District. On appeal from the Lowenstein campaign, the New York State Court of Appeals ordered a new primary election to be held in September. Rooney won this court ordered rerun as well as the general election in November.
Subseries 3.10 contains several sets of files, most of them arranged in alphabetical order, on this series of court cases (folders 564-848). Included among these records are several kinds of background research materials, affidavits, tally sheets and statistics, petitions, and forms and other records documenting the different irregularities at the polls. These records relate not only to the 1972 state court case, but also to a subsequent suit brought by Lowenstein in the federal court system against Rooney and members of the Nixon Administration for their alleged collusion in White House intelligence gathering activities directed at Lowenstein.
In addition to records relating to these court cases, Subseries 3.10 includes a great deal of information on contributions to the Lowenstein campaign and on the establishment of organizations related to the campaign such as the Committee for Fair Elections and the Committee for Honest Elections. Campaign literature in this subseries is in English, Spanish, Polish, and a few other languages. There is also documentation in this subseries on Brooklyn, such as a number of maps and statistics which reveal extensive demographic and political information on the 14th District.
A series of administrative files (folders 532-563) document the workings of Lowenstein's 1972 campaign. Included in these files are detailed instructions to campaign workers regarding the operation of storefront offices in communities throughout Brooklyn, canvassing of voters, and poll watching during the elections.
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Subseries 3.11. United States Senate, 1973-1974.
Correspondence, campaign literature, reports, memoranda, research materials such as New York State statistics and contact lists, notes, and financial records relating to a campaign Lowenstein contemplated for the United States Senate seat of New York's Jacob Javits. Some of the records in this subseries, especially the research materials, overlap with those in Subseries 3.10.
Other materials relating to Lowenstein's prospective 1974 Senate campaign, most of them research materials on Javits, can be found in folders 545-608 of Subseries 6.2.
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Subseries 3.12. New York 5th Congressional District, 1974.
Correspondence, campaign literature, questionnaires, lists, telephone messages, notes, position papers, statistics, maps, legal and financial records, press releases, and memoranda on Allard Lowenstein's unsuccessful bid to unseat Republican John Wydler from Congress in New York's 5th District. The materials in this subseries, which include information on Nassau County, New York, and on Lowenstein's political connections, are closely related to those in Subseries 3.13.
Subseries 6.2 contains several files closely related to the records in Subseries 3.12-3.14.
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Subseries 3.13. New York 5th Congressional District, 1976.
Correspondence, campaign literature, reports, memoranda, position papers, name lists, press releases, petitions, and a variety of research materials on Lowenstein's second consecutive attempt to unseat Congressman Wydler. The majority of maps and other local materials on Nassau County are found in Subseries 3.12.
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Subseries 3.14. New York 18th Congressional District, 1978.
Correspondence, campaign literature, name lists, notes, statistics, maps, memoranda, reports, and other records pertaining to Lowenstein's campaign for Congress from the 18th Congressional District, located on Manhattan's East Side. The records in this subseries reveal that, despite a succession of defeats, Lowenstein still possessed an elaborate and faithful network of political allies in the New York metropolitan area.
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Subseries 3.15. Other Campaigns, 1942-1980.
Campaign literature, memoranda, reports, press releases, circular letters, press clippings, and other materials documenting other political campaigns either in which Allard Lowenstein participated to some degree or in which, in his younger years, he simply had an interest. Among those involving Lowenstein were the 1960 presidential campaign, in which he served as an alternate delegate to the Democratic National Convention (see also Subseries 3.3); a proposed bid for the United States Senate by Lowenstein in 1970; Jerry Brown's presidential campaign of 1976; and Edward Kennedy's presidential campaign of 1980.
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Series 4. United States Congress, 1969-1970.
Personal correspondence, constituent correspondence files, district files, House committee files, legislation, press files, and administrative files documenting Allard Lowenstein's two year term in Congress from 1969-1970. These congressional records have been arranged into seven subseries according to the types of files that were kept in Lowenstein's congressional office in Washington, D.C. and his district office in Baldwin, New York. The researcher should consult the individual subseries descriptions that follow for a more complete description of the contents of each.
Certain types of files and records were removed from Lowenstein's congressional materials. These consist largely of constituent case files removed for reasons of confidentiality, such as military, social security, and immigration case files. Also removed were government documents and other publications that are widely available.
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Subseries 4.1. Personal Correspondence, 1969-1970.
Arrangement: chronological.
Correspondence and enclosures, both to and from Allard Lowenstein while he was a member of the House of Representatives. This correspondence was originally kept in Lowenstein's congressional office files, and therefore has been filed as a subseries along with the remainder of his congressional records. The researcher should note that the correspondence in this subseries fills in the gaps in Series 1 for the years 1969 and 1970.
Correspondence in Subseries 4.1 is from friends, family members, congressmen, and other public officials. This correspondence was marked "personal" by Lowenstein's staff, although it includes both personal messages and substantive correspondence dealing with legislative efforts. In contrast, the correspondence in Subseries 4.2 pertains to specific legislative proposals, and is primarily, though not entirely, in the form of circular letters or pressure mail.
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Subseries 4.2. Constituent Correspondence, 1969-1970.
Arrangement: by sets of files.
Correspondence and enclosures from Allard Lowenstein's constituents regarding domestic and foreign policy issues, congressional legislation, and issues of concern to the residents of the New York metropolitan area. This subseries is arranged into six sets of files that were kept in both Lowenstein's Washington office and his district office in Baldwin, New York. These sets of files, and their probable original locations, are as follows:
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Subseries 4.2.1. General Files.
The correspondence in these files pertains to general issues of interest to constituents while Lowenstein was in Congress. The files also document some of the routine functions of Lowenstein's congressional office. The researcher should note that congratulatory messages were sampled (the numbers in brackets after files 85-88 indicate number of letters that were kept out of the original number that existed). All routine requests in both the general files and the Baldwin office files have been discarded. However, a record of all sampled or discarded constituent correspondence can be found in the alphabetical files and the chronological files (see descriptions below).
The researcher may wish to use the general files in conjunction with the legislative files and the Baldwin office files, since several of the topics in the three sets of files overlap. For example, the bulk of the constituent correspondence on the Vietnam conflict is located in the general files, but the legislative files contain more correspondence on Vietnam, and all correspondence on the invasion of Cambodia. As another example, correspondence on abortion can be found in all three sets of files.
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Subseries 4.2.2. Legislative Files.
Most of the constituent correspondence in the legislative files addresses specific congressional legislation that was proposed, pending, or passed during Lowenstein's term in Congress. For reasons noted above, the researcher may find it useful to consult these files, the general files, and the Baldwin office files together.
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Subseries 4.2.3. Department and Agency Files.
The correspondence and enclosures found in these files reflect Lowenstein's intervention on behalf of constituents in their dealings with specific federal government agencies (see also description of chronological files, below). There is also correspondence from Lowenstein's office requesting literature from government agencies.
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Subseries 4.2.4. Baldwin Office Files.
These correspondence files were kept in Lowenstein's district office in Baldwin, New York. The correspondence concerns both general matters and specific legislation. An alphabetical sequence of files (folders 572-591) is arranged by first letter of the constituent's surname. As with the general files, correspondence of a routine nature, such as constituent requests, was removed.
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Subseries 4.2.5. Alphabetical Files.
These files, kept in the Washington office, consist entirely of outgoing correspondence. On each item of correspondence, there usually appears in the upper right hand corner the name of the constituent and the subject of the letter. These subjects generally correspond with those found in the file listings for the general, legislative, and Baldwin office files. The researcher can also find in these files outgoing correspondence regarding the request and other routine files that have been sampled or discarded.
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Subseries 4.2.6. Chronological Files.
These files contain outgoing correspondence arranged chronologically. The files, which appear to have been kept in the Baldwin office and so are distinct from the chronological files, include both correspondence of a routine nature, and correspondence regarding constituent cases and other services rendered to constituents by Lowenstein's congressional offices. Twelve cubic feet of records on immigration, social security, military service, and other constituent cases have been discarded for reasons of confidentiality, but some record of these cases can be found in the chronological files.
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Subseries 4.3. District files, 1969-1970.
Arrangement: by topic within sets of files.
A wide variety of records pertaining to the Fifth Congressional District of New York, the district Lowenstein represented while he was a congressman. The categories of materials found in this subseries were established because they all related in some way to Lowenstein's district and to his constituents. The sets of files that have been reconstructed, such as the organization files and the local issues files, were pulled together to reflect as nearly as possible their original order.
Folders 813-880 contain constituent guest lists, invitations, press releases, and other promotional material, correspondence, and background notes on a series of district forums and hearings Lowenstein held for his constituents while he was in office. The bi-weekly forums included guest panelists, often of national prominence, who represented different opinions on both national and local issues. Although he occasionally participated in these forums, Lowenstein's role was usually to introduce the speakers and to make concluding remarks at the end of the forum. These files also include documentation of two series of hearings Lowenstein held in his district, one upon his election and the other after his first year in office, to give constituents an opportunity to express their concerns; and an annual report Lowenstein made to his constituents in early 1970. Sound recordings for many of the forums and hearings Lowenstein held are located in Subseries 10.2 (transcripts for some of the tapes are in Subseries 7.4).
Folders 881-937 include the responses from four sets of questionnaires Lowenstein distributed to constituents during his term in Congress. The September 1970 questionnaires are arranged by the township of the respondents. While the January 1970 questionnaire requests responses about Lowenstein's effectiveness as a congressman, the other three ask questions on national issues such as the Anti-Ballistic Missile System, student unrest, and the Vietnam War. The completed questionnaires often contain remarks from constituents; remarks and tallies made by Lowenstein's staff sometimes accompany the questionnaires.
The project files in folders 938-948 contain correspondence, memoranda, and grant proposals regarding a variety of projects undertaken in Lowenstein's district for which assistance was sought from his congressional office. The organization files (folders 949-994) include correspondence, circular letters, brochures, and other records relating to organizations which were contacting Lowenstein while he was in office. The organizations documented in these files include both groups based in Lowenstein's district and national organizations.
The local issues files in folders 995-1152 include reports, statements, correspondence, press clippings, notes, and other research materials, and are similar in nature to the Committee files of Subseries 4.4. However, the files in this subseries document local issues important to Lowenstein's district, while Subseries 4.4 documents issues of national significance. A large amount of materials can be found in this subseries regarding a proposed gas pipeline on Long Island and jet noise in the New York metropolitan area. The files also document controversies surrounding Lowenstein: his attempted resignation; disagreements with the Oceanside School Board; and a controversial cartoon of Lowenstein which appeared in the Lawrence High School yearbook.
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Subseries 4.4. Committee Files, 1969-1970.
Arrangement: alphabetical by House committee.
Reports, government documents, publications, drafts and final copies of statements, handwritten notes, newspaper clippings, correspondence, and memoranda that relate primarily to the work of Lowenstein's congressional office on issues of national scope. These files, which are arranged by the House committee responsible for dealing with legislation on specific issues, were prepared mostly by legislative assistants and interns in the office for the purposes of conducting background research, preparing this research for Lowenstein's use in statements on the House floor, and formulating his positions on the wide range of issues in which his constituents expressed interest.
Although many statements can be found in these files, the researcher should also consult speeches and statements found in Subseries 4.6, Press files. As is the case with the research files in Series 6, Lowenstein often relied on background research materials like those found in this subseries to speak extemporaneously on an issue without any prepared text. Therefore, although drafts of statements do not exist for many of Lowenstein's speeches, these committee files reflect much about his point of view on the issues.
The committees for which the most documentation can be found in Subseries 4.4 are the Foreign Affairs Committee, the Agriculture Committee (Lowenstein's major committee assignment during his two year term), the Judiciary Committee, the Armed Services Committee, and the Interstate Commerce Committee. The Foreign Affairs Committee files reflect Lowenstein's ongoing concern about international affairs: especially the outbreak of the Nigerian civil war, the formation of Biafra, and the organization of relief efforts to ease starvation there; the Vietnam conflict, and anti war efforts both within and outside the House of Representatives; the problems of apartheid and government repression in South Africa, as well as the American government's stance toward that nation's government; the establishment of American military bases in Spain; and the continuing tensions in the Middle East. The Foreign Affairs Committee files are a useful resource on Lowenstein's involvement in foreign affairs, since they contain much of Lowenstein's correspondence with congressmen and other federal agencies, and they include information on Lowenstein's extensive travels to Biafra and other countries.
The largest files within the Agriculture Committee are those on food stamp legislation, the California grape boycott, the Livestock and Grains Subcommittee (Lowenstein was a member), and rural housing conditions. An interesting feature of the Armed Services Committee files is its documentation of the varied concerns of servicemen. The Judiciary Committee files contain records on several domestic issues in which Lowenstein had an interest. The Interstate Commerce Committee files document issues that were of significance to the metropolitan area which Lowenstein represented. (The researcher may also be interested in consulting the related local issues files in Subseries 4.3, especially those on gas pipelines, jet noise, and the Long Island Railroad.) The House Affairs Committee files document another issue concerning Lowenstein: the proposed reform of the committee structure within the House of Representatives.
Following the committee files is a small group of records, originally interfiled with the committee files in a number of "miscellaneous" categories, that did not relate to the work of any specific House committee. The Committee files originally consisted of approximately 22 cubic feet of records. However, press clippings, government publications, and other records that are widely available were removed from the subseries.
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Subseries 4.5. House Bills, 1969-1970.
Arrangement: by House bill.
Printed bills, supporting documents, lists, and Lowenstein's voting record while in the House of Representatives. The files in this subseries consist of copies of the legislation sponsored or co-sponsored by Lowenstein while he was a member of Congress. One copy of the House bill can be found in each file; each bill is often accompanied by other documentation relating to that specific piece of legislation. The House bills sponsored or co-sponsored by Lowenstein are followed by the House resolutions, concurrent resolutions, and joint resolutions which Lowenstein sponsored or co-sponsored.
A variety of lists of the legislation proposed by Lowenstein is located in folder 1506. In folder 1507, there is also a record of Lowenstein's votes on other House legislation. Researchers can find further information on Lowenstein's legislation in Subseries 4.4, Committee files, filed under the topic of the legislation.
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Subseries 4.6. Press Files, 1969-1970.
Arrangement: by type of material.
Congressional Record reprints of remarks made by Lowenstein, news releases and newsletters from Lowenstein's office, and speeches and statements made by Lowenstein. Notes and indexes regarding Lowenstein's remarks in the Congressional Record precede the reprints themselves. The reprints were often mailed to constituents in order to clarify Lowenstein's positions on various issues. The news releases also reflect positions taken by Lowenstein, and provide information on Lowenstein's schedule while in Congress (see also Subseries 4.7).
The newsletters, which were mailed by Lowenstein's office to constituents as a means of reporting on his work in Congress, also reflect his positions on issues of national and local importance. These newsletters often included questionnaires to constituents, reported results of previous questionnaires, and announced forthcoming district forums. For copies of returned questionnaires, see Subseries 4.3.
Folders 1636-1664 contain numerous speeches and statements made by Lowenstein while he was a congressman. Included in these files are final copies of the speeches, as well as draft revisions by Lowenstein and his legislative assistants. Other speeches by Lowenstein are in Subseries 7.3.
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Subseries 4.7. Administrative Files, 1969-1970.
Lists, correspondence, invitations, scheduling forms, financial records, memoranda, and other records relating to the operations of Lowenstein's congressional offices in Washington, D.C. and Baldwin, New York. Folders 1665-1669 contain memoranda, principally from staff members to Lowenstein, regarding subjects ranging from telephone messages and scheduling concerns to strategies for political action. The memoranda are followed by records on Lowenstein's office personnel, and a few files on the general operations of his offices. The mail counts in folders 1695-1701, arranged chronologically, provide information on both the amount of correspondence Lowenstein's office received, and the general areas of interest and concern expressed in that correspondence.
Folders 1702-1797 contain the scheduling files maintained for Lowenstein's Washington office and his district office in Baldwin. Both sets of files include invitations, correspondence, notes, and completed schedule request forms which are filed in rough chronological order by the date of the event. The files also include scheduling information on four of Lowenstein's trips abroad while in Congress. The Washington office files sometimes include monthly calendars filled out by Lowenstein's office staff which offer an overview of scheduled events for that month. The Baldwin office files for 1970 include scheduling information on Lowenstein's campaign for reelection (see also Subseries 3.8).
The telephone messages in folders 1798-1829, dated from January-October 1970, were apparently taken in Lowenstein's Baldwin office. Other telephone messages, found in folder 1830, seem to have been taken in the Washington office. The remainder of Subseries 4.7 consists of financial records such as bills and receipts, correspondence, ledger sheets, and information on Lowenstein's office checking account. Included in the financial records are one set of files arranged alphabetically by name of account, and another set arranged chronologically by month.
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Series 5. Writings, 1943-1985.
Published articles, typed and handwritten drafts, and other records relating to writings by Lowenstein; and published and unpublished articles, newspaper clippings, and other writings about Lowenstein. Each of the subseries is arranged in rough chronological order.
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Subseries 5.1. By Lowenstein, 1943-1979.
Arrangement: chronological.
Handwritten and typed drafts, and final copies of articles, essays, and longer works by Allard Lowenstein. Other writings by Lowenstein are in Series 2, 3, and 4. For example, Lowenstein's writings while he was a student at the University of North Carolina are located in Subseries 2.3. Note also that materials Lowenstein used in the preparation of some of his writings are in Series 6.
Items of interest in this subseries include a few early short stories, plays, and essays; several writings dating from the early 1960s on Africa; a 1967 draft of an article discounting knowledge of CIA funding of the United States National Student Association during Lowenstein's presidency in the early 1950s; several published articles on the Robert Kennedy assassination investigation from 1975-1977; draft revisions and correspondence relating to "Spain Without Franco," a 1976 article Lowenstein wrote for Saturday Review; and "Why I Quit," an article detailing the reasons behind Lowenstein's resignation from his United Nations post in 1978.
This subseries also documents longer works by Lowenstein. There is one cubic foot of materials on Brutal Mandate, including draft revisions, chapter outlines, research notes, correspondence, book reviews, publicity materials, and a screenplay adaptation of the book; a screenplay on the civil rights movement by Lowenstein and Marcia Borie, entitled "Angus"; and materials, including drafts, relating to Reclaiming America, a book length work by Lowenstein on the contemporary American political scene which was scheduled for publication in 1972, but never actually published.
The researcher should note that the authorship and dates of a few writings in this subseries are uncertain.
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Subseries 5.2. About Lowenstein, 1946-1985.
Press clippings, magazine and journal articles, essays, unpublished papers, and other writings. Lowenstein is mentioned in all items, and is the central subject of most of them.
The press clipping file in folders 124 253, which has been photocopied for preservation purposes, constitutes three fourths of this subseries. Dating from 1946 through 1985, this clipping file covers all aspects of Lowenstein's career. The clippings are predominantly from New York newspapers and news magazines, but there are also clippings from newspapers throughout the nation, and from abroad. Several of the posthumous clippings concern controversies regarding books and articles on Lowenstein (see also Subseries 9.1).
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Series 6. Research Files, 1940-1980.
Research notes, reports, memoranda, pamphlets, flyers, newsletters, press clippings, and other records on subjects of interest to Allard Lowenstein over the course of his lifetime. Arrangement is alphabetical by subject within each of two subseries.
Subseries 6.1 comprises about 25% of this series, and consists of items dating from the early 1940s to Lowenstein's election to Congress in 1968. The items in Subseries 6.2 postdate his term in Congress. Similar records gathered during his congressional years are in Subseries 4.3 and 4.4.
The files in Series 6 were apparently collected for a variety of purposes and by a number of people. Lowenstein used many of these records as background materials for the preparation of writings, speeches, campaign appearances, or interviews. Several materials appear to have been collected by Lowenstein out of interest or curiosity, especially those materials from earlier years. A great many records, especially those for the 1970s, were compiled and arranged by Gregory Stone, Lowenstein's administrative assistant for several years, and by other aides and volunteers. Lowenstein made use of this last category of files in giving speeches, in his writings, and in his political campaigns and other activities during the 1970s.
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Subseries 6.1. Pre-Congressional Files, 1940-1968.
Arrangement: alphabetical by subject.
The research materials in this subseries cover primarily the period 1958-1968, and most of the materials were apparently collected by Lowenstein. Approximately half the subseries consists of materials on South Africa and South West Africa. Included in the files on Africa are records of several organizations concerned with African affairs; files of Ethel Grossman, Lowenstein's personal secretary in the early 1960s (folders 80-96); and serials, African government documents, and other printed materials (folders 105-131).
Also included in this subseries is a large amount of documentation on the civil rights movement (folders 137-158), the New York Reform Democrats (folders 185-204), student activism in the 1950s and 1960s (folders 227-239), and the Vietnam War (folders 224-259).
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Subseries 6.2. Post-Congressional Files, 1970-1980.
Arrangement: alphabetical by subject.
This subseries includes over nine cubic feet of records, collected during Lowenstein's political campaigns in the 1970s, on the positions of his campaign opponents on a variety of issues (folders 437-718). These campaign files are closely related to those found in the campaign subseries of Series 3. Also, records from Lowenstein's term in Congress (such as press releases and Congressional Record reprints) can often be found in Subseries 6.2 as background materials for some of his speeches and political campaign appearances.
There also are large files relating to Lowenstein's continuing interest in African affairs, especially Zimbabwe Rhodesia in the late 1970s (folders 262-292); his involvement in Democratic Party politics (folders 370-386); his positions on a variety of issues such as the environment, the economy, taxes, turmoil in the Middle East, and government aid to senior citizens (especially folders 719-730); and his interest in local affairs in the New York metropolitan area, particularly in Brooklyn (folders 309-333). There are also notes and research materials compiled for Lowenstein's use in speeches, writings, and campaign appearances (especially folders 817-845).
The miscellaneous records (folders 743-753) include various writings sent to Lowenstein in the 1970s. Files on organizations (folders 779-785) include leaflets, literature, and mailings of organizations which are not the subject of other files in Subseries 6.2. As with Subseries 6.1, this subseries also contains significant documentation on the Vietnam War (folders 860-874).
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Series 7. Public Appearances, 1944-1980.
Arrangement: chronological.
Fliers, leaflets, and posters announcing Lowenstein's appearances; correspondence relating to these appearances; and transcripts of speeches, television and radio appearances, and oral history interviews. Each of the four subseries in Series 7 is in chronological order. A few audio tapes of speeches and interviews are in Subseries 10.2.
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Subseries 7.1. Promotional Material, 1948-1980.
Fliers, leaflets, programs, and large posters announcing Lowenstein's public appearances, sometimes bearing Lowenstein's handwritten notes which give some indication of the contents of his remarks.
| Box 170 |
#04340, Subseries: "7.1. Promotional Material, 1948-1980." Box 170Promotional material #04340, Subseries 7. Public Appearances, 1944-1980. 7.1. Promotional Material, 1948-1980., Box 170 |
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Subseries 7.2. Correspondence, 1944-1980.
The correspondence regarding Lowenstein's public appearances often addresses logistics and travel arrangements, subjects for Lowenstein to address in speeches and presentations, and thanks for his participation. More information on income and expenses related to Lowenstein's appearances is found in Subseries 9.3. This correspondence is also closely related to the scheduling files found in Series 8, and to scheduling materials found elsewhere in the collection. For example, Subseries 2.26 contains much correspondence on the scheduling of Lowenstein's appearances while he was a United Nations ambassador, and Subseries 4.7 includes similar correspondence for Lowenstein's congressional years.
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Subseries 7.3. Speeches, 1951-1980.
Transcripts and drafts of speeches by Allard Lowenstein. Prevalent topics of these speeches are student activism, Democratic Party politics, the Vietnam War, religious freedom, and human rights. Other speeches and statements by Lowenstein are located throughout Series 2 and 3, and in Subseries 4.6. Materials Lowenstein used in the preparation of his speeches are in Series 6.
Lowenstein seldom spoke from a prepared text, so there are few speeches here. He often did, however, jot down notes anecdotes, facts and figures, quotations, and occasionally more comprehensive drafts of speeches which can be found elsewhere in the collection. These speech notes, frequently the only extant record of what Lowenstein said on an occasion, are in Series 6; in Subseries 7.1, written on the promotional literature announcing his appearances; in Subseries 8.2, jotted in the appointment books Lowenstein carried with him; in Subseries 8.4, written on programs of events he attended; and in Subseries 9.5.
Audiotapes of some of Lowenstein's speeches are located in Subseries 10.2.
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Subseries 7.4. Interviews and Other Appearances, 1952-1980.
Transcripts of television and radio appearances, oral history interviews, and other appearances of Lowenstein. Included in Subseries 7.4 are printed transcripts of Lowenstein's appearances on television programs such as "Firing Line" (see also Subseries 10.3), "Meet the Press," and "Face the Nation"; and on radio programs such as "Direct Line." There are also oral history interviews and other unpublished interviews with Lowenstein regarding topics like civil rights, the "Dump Johnson" movement, and protest against the Vietnam War.
Transcripts are also available in this subseries for the forums Lowenstein conducted while in Congress (see also Subseries 4.3, and audio tapes of the forums in Subseries 10.2). Finally, there are copies of a few interviews of Lowenstein that were published in magazines or periodicals.
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Series 8. Scheduling Files, 1942-1980.
Arrangement: chronological within subseries.
Daily schedules, appointment books and calendars, address books, telephone messages, invitations, and programs. These materials were drawn together during the processing of the papers. Taken together, the records in Series 8 provide a comprehensive overview of Allard Lowenstein's scheduled activities.
Other scheduling files are found elsewhere in the papers. The largest sets of those files, which were arranged by Lowenstein's office staffs, are located in Subseries 2.26, United Nations appointments; in the various political campaign subseries throughout Series 3; and within the congressional administrative files, Subseries 4.7.
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Subseries 8.1. Daily Schedules, 1955-1979.
Daily schedules and travel itineraries of Lowenstein. These schedules, almost all of which date from after 1972, do not comprise a complete set of Lowenstein's daily schedules, since similar records can be found in the other locations mentioned above.
| Box 173 |
#04340, Subseries: "8.1. Daily Schedules, 1955-1979." Box 173Daily schedules #04340, Subseries 8. Scheduling Files, 1942-1980. 8.1. Daily Schedules, 1955-1979., Box 173 |
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Subseries 8.2. Appointment books, 1943-1980.
Pocket sized appointment books, desk calendars, office appointment books, address books, and correspondence log books and log sheets, all of which offer further details on Lowenstein's scheduled activities. Several of the pocket sized appointment books include anecdotes and notes Lowenstein used in his public appearances (see Series 7).
The address books, which are closely related to materials in Subseries 8.3, are located in this subseries because of their physical similarity to Lowenstein's other appointment books. The correspondence log books and log sheets were prepared by Lowenstein to record dates he received letters, and dates he responded to them, as well as to record names of the people to whom he wished to write cards or letters (see Series 1). All of the materials are filed in rough chronological order.
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Subseries 8.3. Addresses and Telephone Messages, 1947-1980.
Telephone message log books, names and addresses that were written by Lowenstein and others on slips of paper, and business cards. These records, which give a wealth of information on the people with whom Lowenstein was in contact over the years, are arranged in rough chronological order. Address books are in Subseries 8.2. Other addresses and telephone messages are in Subseries 9.5
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Subseries 8.4. Invitations and Programs, 1924-1985.
Invitations, programs, leaflets, and correspondence inviting Lowenstein to various social and political events. There are also ticket stubs and programs from events Lowenstein apparently attended. The bulk of these materials date from the 1970s. Items are in chronological order by year.
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Series 9. Personal Papers, 1924-1985.
Arrangement: by type.
Personal, business, and miscellaneous records of Lowenstein and his family. Materials in this series, which have been drawn together during processing of the papers, supplement the public record of Lowenstein's activities contained in the other series.
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Subseries 9.1. Biographical Material and Testimonials, 1924-1985.
Published and unpublished biographical sketches; correspondence, invitations, press releases, seating charts, and name lists relating to testimonial programs held in Lowenstein's honor; tributes, endorsements, and quotations, most of which were used in Lowenstein's political campaigns; and awards presented to Lowenstein. Also included are posthumous materials on Lowenstein: records relating to his funeral and various memorial services; tributes and awards; and records pertaining to controversies surrounding the publication of articles and books on Lowenstein after his death.
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Subseries 9.2. Family Papers, 1924-1979.
Correspondence, newspaper clippings, wedding and birth announcements, and financial and legal papers relating to Lowenstein's family. Included are items pertaining to Lowenstein's father, Gabriel; his mother, Augusta; his stepmother, Florence; his aunt, Ruth Goldberg; his brothers and sister, Larry, Bert, and Dorothy; his wife, Jennifer; and their children, Frank, Thomas, and Katharine.
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Subseries 9.3. Financial and Administrative Records, 1929-1980.
Applications for employment, and related correspondence; insurance policies, and medical and legal papers; income and expense records, tax records, tax forms, and bank statements; telephone bills, contribution receipts, and miscellaneous bills and receipts; identification cards; and documents relating to Lowenstein's travels.
Most of this subseries consists of financial records, and the categories of records are interrelated. For example, information on Lowenstein's income can be derived from files on income and expenses (folders 115-121), tax records (folders 122-125), bank account records (folders 126-157), and trust fund records (folders 158-159).
These records are also closely related to materials found elsewhere in the collection. Records relating to Lowenstein's employment and other applications are often found in the appropriate subseries in Series 2. Several financial and legal records pertaining to Lowenstein's political campaigns are located throughout Series 3. In fact, the majority of documentation on a suit Lowenstein brought against his opponent in the 1972 campaign, John J. Rooney, are in Subseries 3.10. Folders 224-241 of this subseries contain records relating to Lowenstein's attempts in this suit to have files released by the Central Intelligence Agency and the Federal Bureau of Investigations under the Freedom of Information Act. The materials that were released by the CIA date from about 1966-1970; those from the FBI date from the late 1940s to the mid-1970s.
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Subseries 9.4. Diaries and Scrapbooks, 1940-1967.
This subseries includes Lowenstein's diary, which dates from the early 1940s to 1967. The diary is in the format of a series of newspaper pages with headlines, subheadings, and blank columns that were meticulously laid out by Lowenstein. Also included in this subseries are a 1943 diary kept by Lowenstein; several of Lowenstein's scrapbooks dating from the early 1940s; and notebooks he kept on popular songs, movies, and actors and actresses.
The pages of Lowenstein's newspaper format diary often include dates, and notes on where he was on those dates. Subseries 9.4 contains only the extant portions of Lowenstein's diary. The major portions of the diary date from the 1940s; from the beginning of 1950 to the middle of 1952 (folders 290-298); and from 1962 to early 1967 (folders 301-310).
The researcher should note that Subseries 9.4 includes photocopies of the diary. The original pages are filed at the end of the collection. The originals may be used only with the permission of the staff of the Southern Historical Collection.
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Subseries 9.5. Miscellaneous, 1939-1980.
A series of handwritten notes by Lowenstein, dating from 1939-1980 (see also Series 5, and Subseries 7.3); political campaign and other buttons (see also Series 3); and personal memorabilia.
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Series 10. Audio-Visual Materials, 1929-1982.
Images, sound recordings, videocasettes, and films relating to Allard Lowenstein. The audio visual materials provide a further record of Lowenstein's activities over the years, and elaborate especially on the written record of his activities contained in Series 2, 3, 4, and 7.
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Subseries 10.1. Photographs, 1929-1980.
About 1300 black and white photographs, 270 color photographs, 250 contact sheets, and 40 sleeves of slides, along with several hundred negatives, of Allard K. Lowenstein, his extended family, friends, and associates. The bulk of these pictures are from Lowenstein's congressional campaigns. There are also a number of images from his years at the University of North Carolina, in the United States Army, and in Congress. Family pictures include Lowenstein's wife, children, parents, brothers and sister, and others. Lowenstein is often pictured with other individuals, such as William F. Buckley Jr., Shirley Chisholm, Coretta King, Eleanor Roosevelt, and Andrew Young. Other individuals are pictured without Lowenstein: Frank Porter Graham, Katharine Hepburn, Jesse Jackson, Robert F. Kennedy, and Grace Kelly.
Arrangement is by category as noted below. Within each category, prints are filed first, followed by contact sheets, then sleeves of slides. Images within each type are in rough chronological order, except for the last two categories of unidentified images which have no arrangement. Not all types of images are represented in each category: for example, in the first category pictures of Lowenstein there are no slides. When there are negatives of photographs and contact sheets, these are stored separately. An individual picture list, located in folder 1A, provides identification and description for many individual images.
Also see Addition 4. Photographs, 1929-1980
| Image Folder 1-8 |
P-4340/1-204F: Allard K. Lowenstein from childhood to adulthood #04340, Subseries: "10.1. Photographs, 1929-1980." 1-8Includes posed and candid pictures of Lowenstein as a child, during his army years, and into his adult life. The bulk of these are prints dated between 1968 and 1980. 1929-1980. Approximately 173 black and white prints, a few with negatives; 9 color prints, 1 negative; 24 contact sheets, a few with sleeves of negatives. Imagefolder 1Imagefolder 2Imagefolder 3Imagefolder 4Imagefolder 5Imagefolder 6Imagefolder 7Imagefolder 8 |
| Image Folder 9-13 |
P-4340/205-318H: Lowenstein from childhood to adulthood with family members #04340, Subseries: "10.1. Photographs, 1929-1980." 9-13Includes pictures of Lowenstein with his parents, Augusta Lowenstein, Gabriel and Florence Lowenstein; his brothers and sisters, Larry, Bert, and Dorothy; his wife, Jenny, and their children, Frank, Tom, and Kate. Many pictures of Lowenstein with his wife and children were made for campaign purposes. Some photographs of the extended family are included. Circa 1923-1978. Approximately 67 black and white prints; 16 color prints; 27 contact sheets, a few with sleeves of negatives; 5 sleeves of slides. Imagefolder 9Imagefolder 10Imagefolder 11Imagefolder 12Imagefolder 13 |
| Image Folder 14-34 |
P-4340/319-869A: Lowenstein with other individuals #04340, Subseries: "10.1. Photographs, 1929-1980." 14-34Includes pictures of Lowenstein with Jerry Brown, William F. Buckley Jr., Hugh Carey, Jimmy Carter, Shirley Chisholm, Gerald Ford, Coretta Scott King, George McGovern, Eleanor Roosevelt, Norman Thomas, Andrew Young, and others. Also included are informal pictures of Lowenstein's college and military years. The bulk of these pictures, P-4340/374-384, 440-664, and 777-846, are from Lowenstein's congressional campaigns. Circa 1940s-1970s. Approximately 422 black and white prints, a few with negatives; 28 color prints, 1 negative; 123 contact sheets, over half with sleeves of negatives; 6 sleeves of slides. Imagefolder 14Imagefolder 15Imagefolder 16Imagefolder 17Imagefolder 18Imagefolder 19Imagefolder 20Imagefolder 21Imagefolder 22Imagefolder 23Imagefolder 24Imagefolder 25Imagefolder 26Imagefolder 27Imagefolder 28Imagefolder 29Imagefolder 30Imagefolder 31Imagefolder 32Imagefolder 33Imagefolder 34 |
| Image Folder 35-41 |
P-4340/870-1047G: Members of Lowenstein's family #04340, Subseries: "10.1. Photographs, 1929-1980." 35-41Includes mostly identified pictures of Lowenstein's parents, brothers, sister, wife, children, in-laws, and extended family. Circa 1930s-1970s. Approximately 120 black and white prints, a few with negatives; 52 color prints; 5 contact sheets, 3 with sleeves of negatives. Imagefolder 35Imagefolder 36Imagefolder 37Imagefolder 38Imagefolder 39Imagefolder 40Imagefolder 41 |
| Image Folder 42-57 |
P-4340/1048-1366: Identified individuals #04340, Subseries: "10.1. Photographs, 1929-1980." 42-57Includes pictures of Warren Beatty, Jimmy Carter, Frank Porter Graham, Katharine Hepburn, Jesse Jackson, Robert F. Kennedy, Grace Kelly, Corretta King, Lucile Kohn, Eleanor Roosevelt, Norman Thomas, and others. Images of college friends and their families are also included. Circa 1940s-1980. Approximately 255 black and white prints, a few with negatives; 54 color prints; 1 contact sheet and sleeve of negatives; 1 sleeve of slides. Imagefolder 42Imagefolder 43Imagefolder 44Imagefolder 45Imagefolder 46Imagefolder 47Imagefolder 48Imagefolder 49Imagefolder 50Imagefolder 51Imagefolder 52Imagefolder 53Imagefolder 54Imagefolder 55Imagefolder 56Imagefolder 57 |
| Image Folder 58-61 |
P-4340/1367-1438: Identified places, schemes, and events #04340, Subseries: "10.1. Photographs, 1929-1980." 58-61Includes pictures of the Lowenstein home, the Horace Mann School, the University of North Carolina campus, a Washington, D.C. trip, and Colorado scenes. A scrapbook belonging to Ruthie Goldberg, Lowenstein's aunt, depicting her travels is also included. Circa 1941-1970s. Approximately 53 black and white prints, a few with negatives; 19 color prints; 1 sleeve of slides, including color slides. Imagefolder 58Imagefolder 59Imagefolder 60Imagefolder 61 |
| Image Folder 62-78 |
P-4340/1439-1819H: Unidentified individuals #04340, Subseries: "10.1. Photographs, 1929-1980." 62-78Mainly includes family pictures and pictures of children; these pictures were previously enclosed in letters and greeting cards sent to Lowenstein. Also includes more campaign pictures. Circa 1940-1970s. Approximately 202 black and white prints, a few with negatives; 92 color prints, a few with negatives; 71 contact sheets, most with sleeves of negatives; 17 sleeves of slides. Imagefolder 62Imagefolder 63Imagefolder 64Imagefolder 65Imagefolder 66Imagefolder 67Imagefolder 68Imagefolder 69Imagefolder 70Imagefolder 71Imagefolder 72Imagefolder 73Imagefolder 74Imagefolder 75Imagefolder 76Imagefolder 77Imagefolder 78 |
| Image Folder 79-83 |
P-4340/1820-1917: Unidentified places, scenes, and events #04340, Subseries: "10.1. Photographs, 1929-1980." 79-83Includes pictures of buildings, landscapes, cars, art objects, demonstrations, and rallies. Undated. Approximately 82 black and white prints, a few with negatives; 2 color prints; 13 sleeves of slides. Imagefolder 79Imagefolder 80Imagefolder 81Imagefolder 82Imagefolder 83 |
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Subseries 10.2. Sound Recordings, 1950-1982.
Arrangement: chronological.
RESTRICTED: T-4340/176-184, T-4340/189: use only by permission of donor.
PLEASE NOTE that use of this material may require production of listening copies (currently available for T-4340/43-117 without special order).
With a few exceptions, these are sound recordings of the voice of Allard K. Lowenstein. They are all cassette tapes that have been copied from original disc, reel-to-reel, or cassette-tape recordings.
These recordings include speeches by Lowenstein (see also Subseries 7.3 and others); congressional forums he conducted in the Fifth Congressional District of New York (see also Subseries 4.3 and 7.4); interviews with Lowenstein, taped at the event at which he was being interviewed (see also Subseries 7.4); tapes made from radio or television by members of his family or by friends; interviews conducted by Lowenstein; and informal gatherings at which Lowenstein was present. There are a few tapes of music and singing, and several tapes of interviews with tribal people of South West Africa (see also Subseries 2.11). A number of tapes also include individuals with whom Lowenstein served in the United States Congress, newspaper journalists, television and radio journalists, citizens of the Fifth Congressional District, and family and friends of Lowenstein. There are a few tapes of memorial services held at the time of Lowenstein's death (see also Subseries 9.1).
The tapes in this subseries are listed individually below with this information: tape number, event (when known) and date; participants (when known); subject(s) discussed; place (when known). When a number of tapes contain the same information and the participants are the same, the tapes are described as a group. An asterisk by the tape number indicates that a written transcript of the tape is available in Subseries 7.3, 7.4, or an appropriate subseries in Series 2.
Note that descriptions give only a general idea of topics covered.