Arrangement: incoming then outgoing, arranged chronologically.

General correspondence to and from Allard Lowenstein. The majority of Subseries 1.1 consists of incoming correspondence. Outgoing correspondence comprises only one cubic foot. This description of the subseries is divided into separate sections for the incoming and outgoing correspondence. The description for incoming correspondence is broken down into decades.

Arrangement: incoming then outgoing arranged chronologically.

Mostly greeting cards and circular letters to Lowenstein from family, friends, and acquaintances. While most of these items contain only signatures, many also contain substantive messages to Lowenstein. For subjects covered, see the preceding description for the incoming general correspondence. Folders 769-782 contain greeting cards and circular letters sent by Lowenstein to family and friends.

Teachers' evaluations of Allard Lowenstein's school work from the second through the fifth grades; class reports; a set of essays hat Allard wrote on explorers; a school newsletter; and a certificate awarded upon his completion of the sixth grade.

School work; copies of Horace Mann publications, and materials on Lowenstein's editorship of The Horace Mann Record; alumni publications, and invitations to alumni affairs; and correspondence and other items that document Allard's experiences at the school.

The school work in Subseries 2.2 predates Lowenstein's attendance at the Horace Mann School, because several of these materials were passed on to Allard by his older brother Larry. Articles by Allard Lowenstein appeared in three of the publications in Subseries 2.2: The Horace Mann Quarterly; The Linguist; and The Horace Mann Record, the student newspaper for which he was editor-in-chief during the 1944-1945 academic year. A bound volume of the Record during Lowenstein's period as editor can be found in folder 24. Clipped items from the Record, including a series of columns by Lowenstein entitled "Manhattan Fanfare," are located in folders 28-29.

This subseries contains Lowenstein's school work both while he was an undergraduate and while he was in graduate school in history at UNC. Also included are correspondence, minutes, campaign literature, notes, and mimeographed materials that document his participation in student government and in other organizations at UNC; reports, minutes, lists, and other records portraying his involvement in the orientation of new students, first as an orientation counselor in 1947, and then as chair of the Orientation Committee in 1949; and university publications, programs and invitations to meetings, newspaper clippings, and other miscellaneous materials.

The school work, arranged alphabetically by subject, includes class notes and notebooks, course syllabi, essays, and examinations. Since Lowenstein's undergraduate major was history, materials on that subject predominate. The religion notes in folder 58 contain an essay Lowenstein wrote on Zionism. Several of the notebooks included with his school work contain, in addition to class notes, information on Lowenstein's involvement in student government at the University, including student government election statistics (see also folders 72-73).

The materials on student government document issues that concerned many students at UNC in the middle and late 1940s, especially the problem of race. Included among these records are campaign flyers and posters distributed by Lowenstein and other candidates for student government office at UNC.

Subseries 2.3 also documents Lowenstein's involvement in other organizations while he was a student at the University of North Carolina. He was a student representative to the North Carolina Student Legislative Assembly in 1946 and 1949, a founder of the National Conference of Students, and the student representative on the Executive Committee of the North Carolina World Peace Forum. Folder 87 contains a few materials on the possibility of UNC's affiliation with the United States National Student Association.

Lowenstein was also president of the Dialectic Literary Society in 1948-1949. A majority of the materials found in the Lowenstein papers documenting his participation in the Dialectic Society were official records of that organization, and have been transferred to the University Archives: Student Organizations and Activities: Dialectic Literary Society Records. These records, which included minutes, membership rosters, committee reports, resolutions, and correspondence, have been inserted into the Dialectic Literary Society Records for the period from 1945-1948, and are available to the researcher there.

Folder 106 contains a scrapbook of newspaper clippings from the Daily Tar Heel, the UNC student newspaper. Most of the clippings are by, although a few are about, Lowenstein while he was serving on the Editorial Board of the Daily Tar Heel. Included in this scrapbook are a series of columns written by Lowenstein under the title of "Esse Quam Videri."

Questionnaires, correspondence, lists, notes, minutes, newsletters, programs, and printed materials relating to Allard Lowenstein's participation as a camper in the Encampment for Citizenship of 1947, and as director of the New York Encampment in 1965. Lowenstein also served as a member of both the Board of Directors and the Executive Committee after his work as a director.

Included in the records of the 1965 New York Encampment, which comprise a majority of this subseries, are lists of "encampers," memoranda, and budget information in folder 125. Folders 128-129 contain extensive notes of staff members regarding arrangements made for speakers at the 1965 Encampment. The questionnaires in this subseries are often preceded by statistical tallies.

Folder 144 contains minutes of the Board and Executive Committee meetings in which Lowenstein participated or was mentioned. Other minutes and Encampment records that were mailed to Lowenstein, but did not mention him, were removed from the collection. Correspondence and programs relating to a tribute to Lucile Kohn, who was an active member of the Encampment Board and a close friend of Lowenstein, are located in folder 145. Two other Encampment sponsored events in which Lowenstein was involved one of which was a 1969 tribute to him are documented in folder 146. Several invitations to meetings and other Encampment affairs can be found in folder 147; and folders 149-150 contain Encampment alumni materials that mention or shed light on Lowenstein's subsequent involvement in the Encampment for Citizenship.

Correspondence, speeches, reports, press releases, campaign literature, memoranda, notes, and lists relating to Allard Lowenstein's work as a legislative assistant to North Carolina Senator Frank Porter Graham. This subseries also includes documentation on the 1950 Senate campaign, in which Willis Smith defeated Graham in the second Democratic primary.

The correspondence in this subseries includes letters to the Graham Senate office from constituents, North Carolina politicians, and business and civic leaders from the state. Subjects addressed in the correspondence which consists of letters to both Graham and Lowenstein include constituent matters, legislation, and the Senate campaign. Outgoing letters in response can be found from both Graham and Lowenstein. Often Lowenstein would draft Graham's responses to constituent letters.

The majority of the Graham statements in folders 155-158 is final drafts, and includes carbon and mimeographed copies. There are also drafts of statements with handwritten revisions by Lowenstein. The statements detail positions Graham took while in the Senate and during the campaign on issues of national importance such as communism, race, and the Korean conflict. A few statements of other congressmen on Graham can be found in folder 159.

Folders 165-171 consist entirely of records on the 1950 Senate campaign, although other materials relating to the campaign are located elsewhere in this subseries. "The Case for Frank Graham" was a series of four essays revised, and probably drafted, by Allard Lowenstein. The records in folders 170-171 were housed in a scrapbook compiled by Lowenstein. Included among these records are campaign posters, fliers, circular letters, and press reprints of Graham and Willis Smith. Especially prominent in these records are the charges and counter charges regarding Graham's liberal stance on the issue of race.

Correspondence, minutes, reports, memoranda, speeches, notes, and printed materials relating to the United States National Student Association. Approximately half the records in Subseries 2.6 pertains to the period 1950-1951, during which Allard Lowenstein served as president of the organization. The rest of the records in this subseries date from after Lowenstein's presidency. Some of the subjects documented in these NSA records are anti-communism, academic freedom, race, and the NSA's affiliation with international student organizations.

The correspondence in this subseries is mostly official correspondence to and from Lowenstein while he was president of NSA. Included among the other presidential records is a notebook of official NSA material - circular letters, reports, and newsletters - distributed while Lowenstein was president (folder 178). Folders 185-191 contain information on several conferences in which Lowenstein participated while he was president of NSA.

One of the most significant of these conferences was the initial meeting of the International Student Conference, held in Stockholm in December 1950. Hosted by three Scandinavian countries and attended by delegates from 21 nations, the International Student Conference was a gathering of students who had become disgruntled with the direction taken by the more left wing International Union of Students. The NSA was among the national student organizations represented at Stockholm which opposed the direction in which the IUS was heading. The documentation in folders 186-189, which includes a pamphlet containing the text of a speech made by Lowenstein at the Stockholm conference, is significant because it indicates the NSA's outlook on international affairs and opposition to communism at a critical point in the organization's early history.

The records that date from after Lowenstein's presidency of the NSA, arranged chronologically, include agenda, minutes, reports, press releases, and notes pertaining mostly to the annual National Student Congresses of the NSA. Lowenstein continued to attend these congresses, gave speeches, and worked with students on issues that concerned them.

The post presidential records also contain information on several of the controversies surrounding the NSA. The 1953 records, for example, document attacks on the NSA made by Students for America, which charged the NSA with being "leftist dominated." Also documented are attacks on the NSA from more radical student organizations, especially after the disclosure in 1967 of a connection between the NSA and the Central Intelligence Agency. Most of the 1967 records, in fact, relate to allegations of CIA funding of NSA programs, and Lowenstein's denial of any such connection while he was president of the organization. For the draft of a 1967 statement by Lowenstein regarding the NSA CIA connection, see Subseries 5.1, Writings by Lowenstein.

School work, grade reports, questionnaires, correspondence, programs, and legal briefs pertaining to Allard Lowenstein's years as a law student at Yale University. The school work notebooks, assignments, case books, and essays is arranged chronologically in the order of the courses Lowenstein took in law school, with miscellaneous undated items following those that have been dated. The notebooks consist largely of class notes, but also contain other kinds of entries, including vote totals for the 1952 presidential campaign (see also 3.1, Students for Stevenson). Folder 219 contains a legal brief Lowenstein wrote for Yale's Moot Court competition on a case involving racial discrimination in education.

Lowenstein was a resident counselor in the 1953 academic year for the orientation program at Yale, which was called "The Freshman Year." In addition to memoranda, reports, lists, and notes regarding the program, there are multiple copies of two questionnaires distributed to Yale freshmen which reveal much about student attitudes on sexual relations and on communism.

There are a few items relating to Lowenstein's work as a community counselor for the Yale Summer High School program in 1965. Records documenting the teaching position Lowenstein held at Yale University in 1971 are in Subseries 2.21.

Memoranda, special orders, course notes, correspondence, and a variety of official documents relating to Lowenstein's two years in the United States Army. Folder 237 contains a volume on Lowenstein's regiment at Fort Jackson, South Carolina, where he was in basic training. Class notes, tests, and forms pertaining to a course he took at Fort Jackson are located in folders 238-240. The miscellaneous records include travel papers, leave of absence and personnel forms, incident reports, and financial records tracing many of Lowenstein's activities in the Army, especially while he was stationed in Germany.

Reports, newsletters, correspondence, itineraries, memoranda, and other working papers of the American Association of the United Nations, and a subsidiary organization, the Collegiate Council for the United Nations. Allard Lowenstein served in 1956-1957 as the field secretary for the CCUN. Much of the correspondence and all the itineraries pertain to Lowenstein's travel to college campuses around the country to speak on behalf of the CCUN. Lowenstein's annual report as field secretary, which includes appendices and interim field trip reports, is located in folder 245. Several of the records in this subseries date from after the period of Lowenstein's involvement in the CCUN.

Correspondence, memoranda, and speeches that relate to Allard Lowenstein's work as a foreign policy assistant to Senator Hubert H. Humphrey. The correspondence consists of letters to and from Lowenstein and Humphrey; there are several letters signed by Humphrey that were written or revised by Lowenstein. The memoranda are mostly compilations of information by Lowenstein and other Humphrey legislative assistants on American foreign policy in Africa, Europe, and the Middle East, and on domestic issues. The five speeches in this subseries are mostly drafts written by Lowenstein for delivery by Humphrey; they include a draft by Lowenstein of a speech on Africa.

United Nations documents, correspondence, press statements, and conference proceedings and reports that document Allard Lowenstein's 1959 trip to South West Africa to investigate conditions there. Lowenstein was accompanied on the trip by Emory Bundy and Sherman Bull, and the three men returned to testify before the United Nations Fourth Committee studying conditions in South West Africa. Lowenstein wrote of their experiences in South West Africa in Brutal Mandate: A Journey to South West Africa, a book published in 1962.

The bulk of the records in Subseries 2.11 are United Nations documents on South West Africa, which are arranged in chronological order: statements, testimony, press releases, reports, resolutions, and official printed records of Fourth Committee sessions. Although the testimony of Lowenstein, Bundy and Bull appears only in the September-October 1959 records of the UN, all UN documents were kept together in Subseries 2.11 to provide the researcher some context on the problems they investigated in South West Africa. Records regarding two student conferences Lowenstein attended in South West Africa can be found in folders 268-269; two programs in which Lowenstein reported their findings shortly after the trip are located in folders 270-271. See Series 10, Subseries 2 for sound recordings of Lowenstein, Bundy and Bull's UN testimony as well as testimony of Africans recorded by Lowenstein.

Several other records relating to Lowenstein's work and interest in Africa are elsewhere in the collection. Research materials on Africa, many of which Lowenstein probably collected in connection with the 1959 trip, are in Series 6, Research Files. Subseries 6.1 also includes the files of Ethel Grossman, Lowenstein's secretary with whom he worked very closely on Brutal Mandate, civil rights, and his congressional campaigns in the 1960s. The researcher interested in Lowenstein's involvement in African affairs should also consult the files in Subseries 5.1 on Brutal Mandate, and the speeches in Subseries 7.3 for the late 1950s and early 1960s.

Correspondence, university publications, memoranda and reports, and teaching materials relating to Lowenstein's year at Sanford University, during which he was a faculty member in the Political Science Department, and served as assistant dean of men and as director of Stern Hall, a residence hall for male students. These files documents such topics as Lowenstein's handling of student problems; tensions which emerged between students and the University's administration; controversies regarding fraternities on campus; faculty and staff matters; and housing problems at Stern Hall.

Lowenstein taught courses on Africa and on international law, and the teaching materials in folders 318-320 include course syllabi, reading lists, examinations, lists of student and seating charts, and some of Lowenstein's teaching notes. The university publications include student and faculty newsletters, freshman handbooks, Stern Hall handbooks, and a student directory.

Teaching materials, departmental reports and memoranda, correspondence, questionnaires, and records relating to Lowenstein's interest in civil rights in the Raleigh area while he was a faculty member in the Social Science Department at North Carolina State University.

While he was at N.C. State, Lowenstein was controversial because of his participation in efforts to desegregate public facilities in Raleigh, Durham, and Chapel Hill, and because of his involvement in the civil rights movement in Mississippi. Folder 348 includes documentation on a Raleigh civil rights organization in which Lowenstein was involved. Included among the miscellaneous records in folder 351 is an item that reveals plans for Lowenstein and Jesse Helms to write opposing articles for a Christian journal during the 1964 political campaign.

Press releases, reports, correspondence, memoranda, lists of names, and mimeographed materials documenting Lowenstein's participation in the civil rights movement in Mississippi. Over half the records in Subseries 2.14 relate to the organization of the November 1963 mock election vote for Aaron Henry, a black Clarksdale pharmacist whose campaign for governor of Mississippi inspired many blacks across the state to register to vote. Lowenstein was on Henry's "advisory committee," and recruited college students - especially from Stanford and Yale - to come to Mississippi in order to aid with black voter registration.

There are also several records on the Mississippi Summer Project of 1964, a joint effort by a number of civil rights organizations to continue registering blacks, and to open freedom schools and community centers across the state. A number of northern and western student volunteers participated in this project as well, although in this subseries there is less information on recruitment of students for this latter project than for the Freedom Vote campaign. There are also a few items relating to the challenge by the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party to unseat the regular, all-white Mississippi delegation at the Democratic National Convention in August 1964 (see also Subseries 3.15).

Further information on the civil rights movement can be found in the "Civil rights" files in Subseries 6.1.

Circular letters, reports, press releases, correspondence, and publications distributed by Americans for a Reappraisal of Far Eastern Policy, an organization founded at the 18th National Congress of the United States National Student Association in 1965. Lowenstein was among the adult founders of the organization, whose purpose was to redefine American foreign policy objectives in the Far East, and especially to encourage both a cease fire in Vietnam and American diplomatic recognition of mainland China. Aside from Lowenstein, others involved in the organization were the Reverent William Sloane Coffin, Jr., Michael Harrington, and Norman Thomas.

Reports, circular letters, memoranda, press reports, and testimony relating to the Committee on Free Elections in the Dominican Republic, whose purpose was to ensure that the elections there in June 1966 would be democratic. Lowenstein, a member of the Committee, traveled to the Dominican Republic to monitor the elections as an independent observer in the late Spring of 1966. He also collected testimony from people who were involved in Dominican political affairs (folder 393). Norman Thomas was spokesman for the Committee, and others documented in this subseries who were active in the organization include Bayard Rustin and Fred Goff, a former student of Lowenstein at Stanford.

Memoranda, correspondence, circular letters, minutes, reports, and leaflets and flyers that chronicle Allard Lowenstein's participation in the National Committee for a Sane Nuclear Policy (SANE). Lowenstein first became involved in SANE activities during the organization's 1960 Campaign for Disarmament, the purpose of which was to propose arms control and promote improved Soviet-American relations. In 1966, Lowenstein was elected to SANE's National Board of Directors, and served on the Board until approximately 1976. Folders 400-403 include Board minutes, agenda, statements, directories, and other mailings relating to support for the "Dump Johnson" movement in which Lowenstein was active, as well as a couple of items on the organization's presentation of the 1971 Eleanor Roosevelt Peace Award to Lowenstein.

Approximately half a cubic foot of materials, which Lowenstein collected, but which are unrelated to his involvement in SANE, have been transferred to the SANE archives at the Swarthmore College Peace Collection in Swarthmore, Pennsylvania.

Reports, annual meeting agendas and brochures, correspondence, circular letters, memoranda, and other materials relating to Lowenstein's service on the Board of Directors of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference. Lowenstein, who was the first white member appointed to the SCLC Board, participated in a few of the SCLC's annual meetings, and made donations to the organization. These are the two primary aspects of his participation documented in Subseries 2.18. Although this subseries contains records dating up to the time of Lowenstein's death in 1980, his involvement in SCLC activities apparently subsided in the early-mid 1970s.

About one cubic foot of materials collected by Lowenstein has been transferred to the archives of the Martin Luther King, Jr. Center for Nonviolent Social Change in Atlanta, Georgia. These include records of the SCLC, as well as civil rights records of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee, the Congress of Racial Equality, and the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party. Records transferred also include many relating to the King Center itself. (For further information on Lowenstein's membership on the King Center's Board of Trustees, the researcher should consult Subseries 2.29.)

Reports, press releases, newsletters, campaign literature, financial records, and handwritten notes documenting Lowenstein's trip to South Vietnam as an independent observer of the elections held there in early September of 1967. President Johnson had appointed a commission to observe the Vietnamese elections, but Lowenstein was not included in this commission. A manifesto including handwritten revisions by Lowenstein can be found in folder 421; although the purpose for its having been drafted is unclear, it reflects the views of those opposed to the Johnson Administration's insistence that the elections were fair and democratic.

The bulk of the records in this subseries are background research materials Lowenstein received on the Vietnamese elections, and on the progress of the war during this period.

Correspondence, departmental memoranda and circular letters, course syllabi, and class lists relating to Lowenstein's appointment to teach one course each semester at the City College of New York during the 1967-1968 academic year.

Course syllabi, faculty memoranda and circular letters, correspondence, class lists, and course evaluations that document several of the teaching positions Lowenstein held following his term in the House of Representatives. About half the records in this subseries pertain to a course Lowenstein taught, immediately after losing his bid for reelection, at Yale University on the "Urban Congressman and Social Policy." Approximately one cubic foot of records - some duplicates, but mostly students' seminar papers that were graded for Lowenstein by teaching assistants - have been discarded.

Correspondence, memoranda, minutes, publications, and other records relating to Allard Lowenstein's work on behalf of Americans for Democratic Action. Lowenstein first became involved in the organization--especially the student group called Students for Democratic Action--at the time of its formation in 1947. The bulk of the records in Subseries 2.22, however, date from 1966, when Lowenstein became a vice-chair and a member of ADA's National Board. Much of this subseries deals with Lowenstein's term as national chair for ADA from 1971-1973.

Subseries 2.22 contains a large number of administrative records such as memoranda, personnel lists, financial records, and meeting minutes of the ADA National Board, National Executive Committee, and annual conventions. There are also records pertaining to organizations affiliated with ADA, especially the New York chapter of ADA. The records for both the national organization and the New York chapter include several publications that document the shifts in ADA's policy priorities from the late 1960s through the early 1970s. Prominent among the topics covered in this subseries during Lowenstein's tenure as vice chair, Board member, and national chair are Vietnam, the "Dump Johnson" movement, civil rights, economic policy, Democratic Party reform, the registration of young voters , the McGovern presidential campaign of 1972, and the Middle East.

Lists, correspondence, memoranda, minutes, and newsletters relating to Lowenstein's tenure on the Democratic National Committee. Over half the records in the subseries pertain to an allied organization, the New Democratic Coalition. Other documentation on Democratic Party politics is located in Series 3 and Series 6. In fact, most of the substantive mailings Lowenstein received from the Democratic National Committee can be found under the "Democratic Party" heading in Subseries 6.2.

RESTRICTED: bout 1,500 items in this subseries have been placed under restriction, including several drafts and notes on the book that was never published. Researchers may use this material with the permission of the donor.

Drafts and final copies of writings, reports, memoranda, correspondence, press clippings, affidavits and other legal records, and notes that pertain to the involvement of Allard Lowenstein and others in the effort to reopen the investigation into the assassination of Robert F. Kennedy. The primary impetus to reopen this investigation came in the mid 1970s, approximately seven years after Kennedy's death.

Lowenstein became involved in the investigation to the extent that he both wrote a great deal on the assassination and presented his views before the press. Subseries 2.24 contains drafts, chapter outlines, and other records relating to a book Lowenstein was planning and writing on the Kennedy assassination, but which was never published. Documentation on several other articles Lowenstein wrote during this period which were published can be found in Subseries 5.1, Writings by Lowenstein. This subseries contains, in addition to records on the Robert Kennedy assassination, several files on the assassination of President John F. Kennedy.

The files that constitute this subseries were largely reconstructed from files created on the Kennedy assassination investigation by Gregory Stone, Lowenstein's administrative assistant. The researcher will find that Stone's influence permeates the structure and content of these files, as is the case with the political campaign files for the 1970s (Series 3) and the research files for the 1970s (Series 6).

Memoranda, office lists, correspondence and reports on Lowenstein's involvement during the Summer of 1975 in the activities of recently elected California Governor Jerry Brown.

For a brief time, Lowenstein acted as a political and legislative consultant to Brown's office on such matters as the structure of state government, the organization of an intern program at the office, and the possibility of a presidential bid by Brown in 1976 (see also Subseries 3.15).

Arrangement: original order of files, by topic.

Correspondence; memoranda and reports; official United Nations and United States Government documents such as press releases, telegrams, reports, and memoranda; telephone messages and rough notes; and foreign press clippings on Lowenstein while he served as an American representative to the United Nations during the Carter Administration.

President Carter first named Lowenstein the United States Representative to the United Nations Human Rights Commission in Geneva in February 1977. In August 1977, Lowenstein was appointed Ambassador to the United Nations for Special Political Affairs and United States Representative to the United Nations Trusteeship Council. The files in Subseries 2.26, which have been kept insofar as possible in their original order, relate to both of Lowenstein's United Nations appointments.

A set of personal files (folders 770-852) includes much of the personal correspondence Lowenstein received in 1977-1978. It is for this reason that a gap exists in the Series 1 correspondence for these two years. Other types of correspondence - such as congratulatory mail, thank-you letters, and letters requesting Lowenstein to speak - can also be found in the United Nations personal files. In fact, speaking and other scheduling files comprise roughly half of the personal files.

Administrative files (folders 853-887) include information relating to Lowenstein's official United Nations duties. The series of files on Lowenstein's official United Nations trips (folders 888-897) include information on the arrangements and results of these trips. Further, these files contain foreign press clippings on Lowenstein's travels for the United Nations (these were photocopied and interfiled in Subseries 5.2). The next two brief sets of files--those on Conferences (folders 898-907) and Cables (folders 908-910)--relate chiefly to Lowenstein's appointment to the United Nations Human Rights Commission in Geneva.

The next set of United Nations files, simply labeled "People" (folders 911-983), contains mostly correspondence and primarily involves individuals who brought their cases regarding human rights violations before the United Nations. Also included are friends and acquaintances of Lowenstein. The next few sets of files contain chiefly printed materials and some correspondence relating to several different types of human rights and other organizations.

Folders 1099-1171, Countries, include correspondence, printed materials, and United Nations and United States Government documents on human rights in specific countries. The largest amounts of material can be found on Micronesia, Guam, South Africa, Northern Ireland, and the Soviet Union.

Another short set of files (folders 1172-1182) contains further information on press coverage of Lowenstein and of the United Nations' emphasis on human rights problems. Folders 1183-1227 contain printed materials, correspondence, and other records pertaining to various issues of concern to Lowenstein and to the United Nations during this period.

The United Nations files in Subseries 2.26 originally contained several security-classified documents, many from the United States Department of State. These documents were sent to the National Archives in Washington, D.C., where they were either declassified and returned to the collection, or placed under restriction.

RESTRICTED: Handwritten drafts, and mimeographed and carbon copies of Lowenstein's memoranda regarding negotiations having to do with transition to black majority rule (in folder 1234) have been restricted, as have been a few notes on people (in folder 1237). As with previous subseries on Lowenstein's United Nations appointments, a few security-classified Department of State telegrams (from folder 1231) have been sent to the National Archives for declassification or restriction.

Correspondence, itineraries and travel arrangements, official Rhodesian government election observer materials, United States Government telegrams, and miscellaneous notes and lists relating to Lowenstein's role in negotiating the transition to black majority rule in Zimbabwe Rhodesia.

Correspondence, memoranda, and miscellaneous records relating to the two law firms with which Lowenstein was associated during the last year of his life.

Memoranda, reports, minutes, flyers, programs, newsletters, and correspondence regarding Allard Lowenstein's involvement in activities or organizations other than the most prevalent ones documented in the other subseries of Series 2. The researcher will note that, as with the other subseries in this series, the categories in Subseries 2.29 reflect Lowenstein's interest over time in such areas as civil rights, African affairs, Spanish affairs, the anti-war movement, youth activism, Jewish affairs, the impeachment of President Nixon, Democratic Party politics, and issues involving the New York metropolitan area.

Correspondence, name lists, campaign literature and press releases, and questionnaires that document the 1952 presidential campaign of Adlai E. Stevenson. Fully half the records in this subseries are the correspondence sent to Allard Lowenstein, who was chair of a campaign organization called Students for Stevenson, and to other people in this campaign office. Much of this correspondence includes lists of suggested names of people on college campuses across the country who were supporters of Stevenson. There are carbon copies of outgoing letters of the Students for Stevenson office, as well as circular letters sent out by Lowenstein as chair of the organization. Fuller lists of the college students contracted by the office can be found in folders 16-21.

Correspondence, campaign literature, other printed materials, and mimeographed press releases, reports, and memoranda relating to Adlai Stevenson's 1956 presidential campaign. This subseries includes campaign records of the Young Democratic Clubs of America, the organization for which Lowenstein worked during the campaign; the Stevenson, Kefauver, and Eisenhower national campaign organizations; and the Democratic National Committee. As is the case with the 1952 Stevenson campaign files, many of these records reflect Lowenstein's involvement in campaign issues, his interest in voting statistics, and his political contacts on college campuses across the country.

Campaign literature, circular letters, memoranda, press releases, and a variety of other materials pertaining to Lowenstein's participation in various New York political campaigns in 1960. While he was still a foreign policy assistant to Hubert Humphrey, Lowenstein began to consider running for office in New York under the aegis of the Reform Democrats.

Lowenstein first considered running for the United States Congress against incumbent Ludwig Teller in the 20th District of New York. After deciding against entering that race, Lowenstein made an unsuccessful attempt in the Democratic primary to gain the seat held by John H. Farrell in the 25th Senatorial District of the New York State Senate. Later in 1960, Lowenstein served as campaign chair of the successful challenge to Teller by William Fitts Ryan, another of the New York Democratic party's reform candidates.

In 1960, Lowenstein was elected as an alternate delegate from the New York delegation to the Democratic National Convention (see Subseries 3.15). The vote totals for Lowenstein's election as a delegate are found in folder 62. For further information on Lowenstein's interest and active participation in the New York Reform Democratic movement in the early-mid 1960s, see especially the materials found under that heading in Subseries 6.1.

Campaigning literature, circular letters, correspondence, mimeographed materials, and handwritten notes on the unsuccessful bid of William F. Ryan to be mayor of New York City in 1965. During the campaign, Lowenstein acted as chair of an organization called Citizens for Ryan for Mayor.

Campaign literature, correspondence, lists, memoranda, programs and invitations, notes, and other materials on Lowenstein's unsuccessful campaign to be the Reform Democratic candidate for Congress from New York's 19th District. After Lowenstein lost to Ted Weiss in the Democratic primary in March, his name was mentioned by the Reform Independent Democrats as a possible reform candidate for the 17th District seat (see folder 86). Lowenstein removed his name from consideration for the latter seat, and supported Weiss in his unsuccessful bid to unseat the incumbent congressman in the 19th District, Leonard Farbstein.

Subseries 3.5 includes Lowenstein's campaign literature, especially circular letters, biographical sketches, press reprints, leaflets, and statements reviewing his positions on issues including Vietnam, housing, and poverty; and campaign literature on Lowenstein's Reform Democratic opponents, especially Ted Weiss (whose literature includes a letter of endorsement by Lowenstein and the other reform candidates). The miscellaneous records in folders 87-88 include handwritten notes by Lowenstein, election statistics, Lowenstein campaign stationery, and research materials on other candidates and their positions on issues. As with Subseries 3.3 and 3.4, the researcher can find other records documenting Lowenstein's involvement in the New York Reform Democratic movement in Subseries 6.1.

Correspondence, campaign literature, press clippings and press releases, reports, minutes, and other records relating to the organization of the widespread movement within the Democratic Party to deny President Lyndon B. Johnson the presidential nomination in 1968. The majority of the records in Subseries 3.6 date from August 1968, the time of the Democratic National Convention, or earlier.

Lowenstein was involved in this movement, which was nicknamed "Dump Johnson," from the Summer of 1966. It was at that time, and especially during the annual congress of the United States National Student Association, that students began to organize a letter writing campaign to the Johnson Administration in order to protest the escalation of the conflict in Vietnam. Folders 97-104 contain a great deal of information on the letter-writing campaign of student body presidents from colleges and universities throughout the country. These files document the events surrounding a meeting that grew out of this campaign between several student leaders and Secretary of State Dean Rusk; they also document the fact that Lowenstein was involved in helping the student leaders draft their letters to President Johnson and to Rusk. Other letter-writing campaigns which grew out of that of the student body presidents are also documented in Subseries 3.6. Information on a group that acted as a clearinghouse for these letter-writing activities, the Campus Coordinating Committee, can be found especially in the student body president files and in folder 108.

Folders 109-131 document a variety of national and state Democratic organizations formed to oppose Johnson's renomination and, following his withdrawal from the race in March 1968, to support Eugene J. McCarthy or Robert F. Kennedy in their races against Vice President Hubert H. Humphrey. Those organizations in which Lowenstein was most involved include the Conference of Concerned Democrats, and the New York organizations documented in folders 116-118.

Lowenstein was also involved in an organization called the Coalition for an Open Convention, and much documentation of this organization can be found in folders 153-178 of this subseries. The COC files include, for example, information on a conference of the Coalition held in Chicago in late June 1968; the organization of state and regional COC groups; events leading up to the Democratic National Convention in August; and a law suit filed by the COC against the Chicago Park District for its failure to grant a permit for a peaceful demonstration in Chicago during the convention. The records on the law suit include some COC documentation, especially financial records, not found in the other COC materials.

Subseries 3.6 also includes records relating to the Democratic National Convention. A series of state files that were compiled before and during the convention, probably by the COC, document the effort by the supporters of McCarthy and other peace candidates at the convention to overturn Humphrey's nomination. The correspondence, newspaper clippings, and delegate lists in the state files reveal further information about the organization of COC groups at the state level.

Also included in this subseries are press releases, campaign literature, and other records relating to the presidential campaign of Eugene McCarthy. The emphasis in these files is on the organization of the McCarthy campaign in New York, and on the New Hampshire primary, which immediately preceded Johnson's announcement not to run for reelection. There is less comprehensive documentation of the other Democratic candidates' presidential campaigns in folders 147-152.

A run of press clippings on the entire "Dump Johnson" movement can be found in folders 243-275. These include clippings originally housed in a "Dump Johnson" scrapbook compiled by Lowenstein (folder 243; for other clippings on Lowenstein's role in the "Dump Johnson" movement, see also the clippings for 1967 and 1968 in Subseries 5.2); a chronologically arranged run of general clippings on the movement (folders 244-252); and a series of subject files collected by Lowenstein's staff on several aspects of the 1968 presidential campaign (folders 253-275).

Correspondence, campaign literature, speeches and statements, lists, instructions to campaign workers, and other records relating to Lowenstein's successful campaign for Congress in 1968. Lowenstein defeated Albert Vorspan in the Democratic primary, and then won the election in November over Republican candidate Mason Hampton.

The records for this campaign and for subsequent campaigns in which Lowenstein ran in the 1970s have been divided into categories according to types of records. This arrangement was necessitated by the fact that very few of the campaign files have been found in their original form. The following comments on these categories of campaign records apply to this and all subsequent Lowenstein congressional campaigns.

The correspondence generally relates to contributions sent to Lowenstein's campaign, and other routine campaign matters such as letters of endorsement, congratulatory or condolence messages, and the ordering of supplies. The campaign literature includes flyers, posters, form letters and mimeographed letters that were circulated widely, article reprints, bumper stickers, biographies of Lowenstein, quotations about Lowenstein, and layouts, sketches, and drafts of campaign literature. Press releases publicize Lowenstein's campaign appearances and his positions on the major issues of a campaign.

The position papers, statements, and research materials reflect much about the issues Lowenstein emphasized in running for office, and differences and occasional similarities between his own positions and those of his opponents. Contributions are usually lists which indicate the name and address of contributors, and amounts they gave to Lowenstein's campaign. Several of the campaigns include information on the congressional district in which Lowenstein was running, such as maps, census information on voters, and election statistics.

The Lowenstein campaign materials usually contain a set of "administrative files" as well. These files include interoffice memoranda, and memoranda from campaign aides to Lowenstein; instructions to Lowenstein election workers, poll watchers, and workers in many of the "storefront" locations Lowenstein would open within the district; personal and media lists; financial and legal records relating to the leasing of office space, the filing of petitions for Lowenstein's nomination, and the routine operations of the campaign (financial records have often been sampled in order to reduce the large bulk of bills and receipts); and miscellaneous materials such as notes, lists, and blank stationery and office forms. The researcher should further note that files kept on Lowenstein's opponents in each campaign have been transferred to Series 6, Research Files.

The correspondence and other records relating to Lowenstein's successful campaign for Congress in 1968 reflect the fact that several people supported Lowenstein, among other reasons, because of his role in influencing the course of the 1968 Democratic presidential campaign (see also Subseries 3.6). In fact, the Lowenstein campaign office in 1968 was also working actively for the presidential campaign of Eugene McCarthy.

Correspondence, campaign literature, statements, statistical records, and name lists that document Lowenstein's unsuccessful bid for reelection against Norman Lent in 1970. This subseries contains a great deal of information on Lowenstein's district, especially in folders 330-376. The primary set of district files, contained in folders 343-376, includes lists of key people census information, maps, and election results for both 1968 and 1970 for each township of the district. These files are arranged in numerical order by assembly district within the congressional district, and then alphabetically by township. Folders 380-393 contain much information on the volunteers, most of whom were college students, who worked for Lowenstein's reelection.

A few additional materials relating to Lowenstein's 1970 congressional campaign can be found in Series 4.

Printed materials, press clippings, correspondence, lists, and other records that pertain to the organization and activities of the youth voter registration movement that accompanied the passage in 1971 of the 26th Amendment, which gave eighteen year-olds the right to vote. The movement to register young voters also became in part a protest movement popularly known as a program to "dump Nixon." In addition to Lowenstein (just elected chair of ADA at the time), other Democratic politicians and the most notable Republican challenger to the President Representative Paul N. McCloskey of California became involved in the youth voter registration drive.

Several organizations were formed to register young people and encourage them to participate in the 1972 elections. Several of these are documented in folders 442-453. Over half the records in Subseries 3.9 (the majority of materials in folders 406-441) relate to a loosely organized coalition of state organizations known collectively as the Registration Summer project (also known as "Countdown 72"). More specific information on the organization of this project at the state level is available in the state files (folders 420-441).

Folders 454-462 contain campaign literature and other records regarding the candidacies of several of the 1972 presidential aspirants.

Correspondence, campaign literature, research materials, and court records pertaining to Lowenstein's unsuccessful 1972 campaign for Congress in Brooklyn's 14th Congressional District. Approximately three-fourths of the records in this subseries relate to a series of suits brought by Lowenstein against his opponent, incumbent Democrat John J. Rooney.

The Democratic primary election in June 1972, won by Rooney, was marked by widespread irregularities throughout the 14th District. On appeal from the Lowenstein campaign, the New York State Court of Appeals ordered a new primary election to be held in September. Rooney won this court ordered rerun as well as the general election in November.

Subseries 3.10 contains several sets of files, most of them arranged in alphabetical order, on this series of court cases (folders 564-848). Included among these records are several kinds of background research materials, affidavits, tally sheets and statistics, petitions, and forms and other records documenting the different irregularities at the polls. These records relate not only to the 1972 state court case, but also to a subsequent suit brought by Lowenstein in the federal court system against Rooney and members of the Nixon Administration for their alleged collusion in White House intelligence gathering activities directed at Lowenstein.

In addition to records relating to these court cases, Subseries 3.10 includes a great deal of information on contributions to the Lowenstein campaign and on the establishment of organizations related to the campaign such as the Committee for Fair Elections and the Committee for Honest Elections. Campaign literature in this subseries is in English, Spanish, Polish, and a few other languages. There is also documentation in this subseries on Brooklyn, such as a number of maps and statistics which reveal extensive demographic and political information on the 14th District.

A series of administrative files (folders 532-563) document the workings of Lowenstein's 1972 campaign. Included in these files are detailed instructions to campaign workers regarding the operation of storefront offices in communities throughout Brooklyn, canvassing of voters, and poll watching during the elections.

Correspondence, campaign literature, reports, memoranda, research materials such as New York State statistics and contact lists, notes, and financial records relating to a campaign Lowenstein contemplated for the United States Senate seat of New York's Jacob Javits. Some of the records in this subseries, especially the research materials, overlap with those in Subseries 3.10.

Other materials relating to Lowenstein's prospective 1974 Senate campaign, most of them research materials on Javits, can be found in folders 545-608 of Subseries 6.2.

Correspondence, campaign literature, questionnaires, lists, telephone messages, notes, position papers, statistics, maps, legal and financial records, press releases, and memoranda on Allard Lowenstein's unsuccessful bid to unseat Republican John Wydler from Congress in New York's 5th District. The materials in this subseries, which include information on Nassau County, New York, and on Lowenstein's political connections, are closely related to those in Subseries 3.13.

Subseries 6.2 contains several files closely related to the records in Subseries 3.12-3.14.

Correspondence, campaign literature, reports, memoranda, position papers, name lists, press releases, petitions, and a variety of research materials on Lowenstein's second consecutive attempt to unseat Congressman Wydler. The majority of maps and other local materials on Nassau County are found in Subseries 3.12.

Correspondence, campaign literature, name lists, notes, statistics, maps, memoranda, reports, and other records pertaining to Lowenstein's campaign for Congress from the 18th Congressional District, located on Manhattan's East Side. The records in this subseries reveal that, despite a succession of defeats, Lowenstein still possessed an elaborate and faithful network of political allies in the New York metropolitan area.

Campaign literature, memoranda, reports, press releases, circular letters, press clippings, and other materials documenting other political campaigns either in which Allard Lowenstein participated to some degree or in which, in his younger years, he simply had an interest. Among those involving Lowenstein were the 1960 presidential campaign, in which he served as an alternate delegate to the Democratic National Convention (see also Subseries 3.3); a proposed bid for the United States Senate by Lowenstein in 1970; Jerry Brown's presidential campaign of 1976; and Edward Kennedy's presidential campaign of 1980.

Arrangement: chronological.

Correspondence and enclosures, both to and from Allard Lowenstein while he was a member of the House of Representatives. This correspondence was originally kept in Lowenstein's congressional office files, and therefore has been filed as a subseries along with the remainder of his congressional records. The researcher should note that the correspondence in this subseries fills in the gaps in Series 1 for the years 1969 and 1970.

Correspondence in Subseries 4.1 is from friends, family members, congressmen, and other public officials. This correspondence was marked "personal" by Lowenstein's staff, although it includes both personal messages and substantive correspondence dealing with legislative efforts. In contrast, the correspondence in Subseries 4.2 pertains to specific legislative proposals, and is primarily, though not entirely, in the form of circular letters or pressure mail.

Arrangement: by sets of files.

Correspondence and enclosures from Allard Lowenstein's constituents regarding domestic and foreign policy issues, congressional legislation, and issues of concern to the residents of the New York metropolitan area. This subseries is arranged into six sets of files that were kept in both Lowenstein's Washington office and his district office in Baldwin, New York. These sets of files, and their probable original locations, are as follows:

   General files (Washington)

   Legislative files (Washington)

   Department and agency files (Washington)

   Baldwin office files (Baldwin)

   Alphabetical files (Washington)

   Chronological files (Baldwin)

Arrangement: by topic within sets of files.

A wide variety of records pertaining to the Fifth Congressional District of New York, the district Lowenstein represented while he was a congressman. The categories of materials found in this subseries were established because they all related in some way to Lowenstein's district and to his constituents. The sets of files that have been reconstructed, such as the organization files and the local issues files, were pulled together to reflect as nearly as possible their original order.

Folders 813-880 contain constituent guest lists, invitations, press releases, and other promotional material, correspondence, and background notes on a series of district forums and hearings Lowenstein held for his constituents while he was in office. The bi-weekly forums included guest panelists, often of national prominence, who represented different opinions on both national and local issues. Although he occasionally participated in these forums, Lowenstein's role was usually to introduce the speakers and to make concluding remarks at the end of the forum. These files also include documentation of two series of hearings Lowenstein held in his district, one upon his election and the other after his first year in office, to give constituents an opportunity to express their concerns; and an annual report Lowenstein made to his constituents in early 1970. Sound recordings for many of the forums and hearings Lowenstein held are located in Subseries 10.2 (transcripts for some of the tapes are in Subseries 7.4).

Folders 881-937 include the responses from four sets of questionnaires Lowenstein distributed to constituents during his term in Congress. The September 1970 questionnaires are arranged by the township of the respondents. While the January 1970 questionnaire requests responses about Lowenstein's effectiveness as a congressman, the other three ask questions on national issues such as the Anti-Ballistic Missile System, student unrest, and the Vietnam War. The completed questionnaires often contain remarks from constituents; remarks and tallies made by Lowenstein's staff sometimes accompany the questionnaires.

The project files in folders 938-948 contain correspondence, memoranda, and grant proposals regarding a variety of projects undertaken in Lowenstein's district for which assistance was sought from his congressional office. The organization files (folders 949-994) include correspondence, circular letters, brochures, and other records relating to organizations which were contacting Lowenstein while he was in office. The organizations documented in these files include both groups based in Lowenstein's district and national organizations.

The local issues files in folders 995-1152 include reports, statements, correspondence, press clippings, notes, and other research materials, and are similar in nature to the Committee files of Subseries 4.4. However, the files in this subseries document local issues important to Lowenstein's district, while Subseries 4.4 documents issues of national significance. A large amount of materials can be found in this subseries regarding a proposed gas pipeline on Long Island and jet noise in the New York metropolitan area. The files also document controversies surrounding Lowenstein: his attempted resignation; disagreements with the Oceanside School Board; and a controversial cartoon of Lowenstein which appeared in the Lawrence High School yearbook.