#40098 RECORDS OF THE CAROLINA INN in the University Archives and Records Service Wilson Library, CB# 3926 University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514-8890 August 1995 September 1997 December 2001 HISTORY OF THE CAROLINA INN Visitors to Chapel Hill in the years around 1920 faced a troubling dilemma. Hotel accommodations were scarce, and when the privately owned and sadly dilapidated University Inn was gutted by fire in November of 1921, the town lost its only provider of short-term commercial lodging. The following year, UNC alumnus and Trustee John Sprunt Hill proposed to alleviate the accommodations shortage by forming the Carolina Club Inn Inc., a non-stock corporation devoted to securing funds for a combination alumni center, faculty club, and hotel for the use of the University community. As part of this plan, approved by the Trustees on November 2, 1922, Hill offered to donate the old Graves property located at the intersection of Cameron Avenue and Pittsboro Road, former site of the eighteenth- century New Hope Chapel, from which Chapel Hill takes its name. The Carolina Club Inn corporation met with little success. Despite the widely acknowledged need for hotel rooms in Chapel Hill, few alumni bought the subscriptions required for Club membership, the corporation's main projected source of income. Hill refused to abandon the project, however, and investing some $200,000 of his own resources, financed the building of the Carolina Inn himself. Construction commenced in the spring of 1923 and was finished by December of the following year. Designed by Arthur C. Nash of the T. C. Atwood firm and erected by contractor H. L. Smith of Durham, the original red-brick, Southern Colonial style Inn was situated at the corner of Cameron Avenue and Columbia Street and contained fifty-two bedrooms, a dining room, a ballroom, a lobby, and several parlors. A covered walkway connected the Inn proper to a white clapboard cafeteria, formerly the Graves residence and later a boarding house, which had been moved from the north end of the property to an area just south of the new building. For more than a decade after its opening in December of 1924, the Carolina Inn was run as a private business and was open to the general public, rather than only to University alumni and staff, as initially planned. The Inn's first manager, Irving Gattman, oversaw operations for owner John Sprunt Hill until 1930, when he was replaced by Annie Martin, who leased the Inn from Hill for a portion of her five-year tenure. Under Gattman and Martin, the Inn provided much-needed lodging for visitors to Chapel Hill and to the University. It also became a popular meeting place for conferences, conventions, civic groups, and the community at large, a function it would retain for the next sixty years. Hill's dream of providing the University with its own hotel materialized in 1935, when he and his family donated the entire Carolina Inn property to UNC. An inscribed plaque hanging in the Inn's lobby sums up their intentions: "This gift affords a cheerful inn for visitors, a town hall for the state, and a home for returning sons and daughters of alma mater." In a letter to Governor J. C. B. Ehringhaus dated June 5, 1935, Hill described the Inn and continued: It is our desire that this property be held in trust by the Trustees of the University of North Carolina, and the income therefrom used: First: For the maintenance and upkeep of the above mentioned property. Second: For the maintenance and support of the University Library, and especially for the support of that collection of books and papers known as the "North Caroliniana," a part of the University Library heretofore partially endowed by us. With the Hill family gift, the Carolina Inn became a part of the UNC campus and its workers University employees. Its services were not, however, reserved exclusively for the University community. The Inn continued--and continues--to welcome members of the general public seeking food, lodging, or both. Haywood Duke, hired as Inn manager by UNC to replace Annie Martin in 1935, turned operations over two years later to Leigh Skinner, who served until 1948. During Skinner's tenure, the Carolina Inn more than doubled in size, thanks to a Public Works Administration grant and to the sale of revenue bonds. In 1939 the old wooden cafeteria on the south side of the property was removed and a new complex, designed by architect George Watts Carr and stylistically matched to the original Inn building, was erected in its place. The addition included forty-two bedrooms, a new cafeteria with a seating capacity of two hundred, a faculty club room, and offices for the General Alumni Association, which had occupied a suite in the Inn since 1936. The expansion also provided long- term housing facilities for faculty, staff, and married graduate students--namely, a wing of two-room apartments attached to the Inn and twelve three-room flats, the Bryan apartments, in a separate structure to the southeast.) A second expansion, accompanied by changes in the existing buildings, took place between 1969 and 1972. Forty-five new bedrooms and a large banquet hall were added, the kitchen expanded and modernized, and the lobby divided into meeting rooms. The Inn's front entrance, which had faced Cameron Avenue since 1924, was moved to Pittsboro Street, and the 1939 cafeteria, entirely remodelled, became a lobby for the new entrance. The additions included a new cafeteria, as well, erected on the Pittsboro Street side of the complex and decorated in 1971 with animals from the Circus Parade, a wood carving made in the 1940s by Carl Boettcher and formerly displayed in the Circus Bar of the Monogram Club. At the same time, the Bryan Apartments underwent a transformation, albeit of function rather than form. In 1969 the building was taken out of residential use and turned over to the General Alumni Association, which had outgrown its old quarters in the Carolina Inn. Known thereafter as Alumni House, the building housed the offices of the Alumni Association until 1993, when they were transferred to the George Watts Hill Alumni Center. By the late 1980s, the Carolina Inn's sixty-year run as Chapel Hill's chief purveyor of hospitality had ended. New hotels and restaurants in the area had begun to draw business away from the Inn, significantly lowering its once-exceptional occupancy rate. An aging building compounded the problem. Lacking the amenities of newer hotels--reliable heating and air conditioning, soundproof rooms, modern plumbing, a swimming pool- -the Inn was ill-equipped to survive in the newly competitive market and needed renovations estimated in 1989 at $6.5 million. The Inn's status as an arm of the University made it subject, moreover, to the same salary schedules and purchasing systems as other State agencies, a severe disadvantage with respect to privately-owned competitors. By fiscal year 1988-1989, the Carolina Inn was operating at a loss of $73,000, a deficit that more than quadrupled the following year. Alarmed, University officials considered three strategies for saving the venerable hotel: seeking legislative relief, including special exemptions to state personnel and purchasing regulations; transferring Inn operations to a non- profit branch of the UNC-CH Foundation; and allowing a private corporation to manage the Inn on the University's behalf. The first two options proved unworkable. A state budget crisis precluded significant financial input from the legislature, and by May of 1990, it had become clear that entrusting the Inn to the UNC-CH Foundation, which had no hotel management experience, would put both Inn and Foundation at risk. Only the third option remained, and in March of 1991, the University announced that it would hire a private company to manage the Inn. Bids were accepted in August of 1991 and more detailed proposals requested of selected bidders in the fall. A year and a half of deliberations ensued. Finally, in April of 1993, the University announced that Doubletree Hotels, Inc., of Phoenix, Arizona, had been selected. The decision was approved by the North Carolina Council of State in May and put into effect on July 1, 1993, when Doubletree Hotels received the Inn under a renewable five-year lease from the University. On November 20, 1994, the Carolina Inn closed for a nine- month, $13.5-million expansion and modernization. Improvements to the Inn had commenced roughly two months earlier with the demolition of Alumni House, which was removed to make way for a new, fifty-six room wing. Then, with the November closing, a thorough overhaul of the existing buildings, and in particular the original structure, began. Currently underway, the renovations are being carried out by general contractor McDevitt Street Bovis of Charlotte after plans by the Richmond firm of Glave Newman Anderson. In all, the project will result in a total of 185 guest rooms and suites, as well as several formal parlors and executive meeting rooms, an executive lounge, and a restaurant and bar. It will also eliminate the cafeteria, which is to be replaced by the John Sprunt Hill Grand Ballroom, but future guests will enjoy comforts that the Inn in its former state could not offer: exercise facilities; individual climate control, voice mail, and data ports in every guest room; state-of-the-art mechanical systems and plumbing; and an enlarged, upscale restaurant with indoor and patio dining, as well as a buffet line to please the old cafeteria clientele. University administrators and Doubletree Hotels have stressed, however, that the modernizations will not deprive the Inn of its old-fashioned charm. The Carolina Inn is scheduled to reopen in early September of 1995. Managers of the Carolina Inn and their tenures are as follows: For John Sprunt Hill: Irving Gattman, 1924-1930 Annie Martin, 1930-1935 For the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill: Haywood Duke, 1935-1937 Leigh Skinner, 1937-1948 Livingston Bertram Rogerson, 1948-1961 Carl Moser, 1962-1980 William Milling (Director of Hotel and Conference Services), 1980-1984 Gene Walton (General Manager), 1980-1988 David Yawars, (Director of Hotel and Conference Services), 1985-1987 Edward Rehkopf, 1987-1989 (Director of Hotel and Conference Services); 1989-1991 (Inn Manager) Margaret Skinner (Acting General Manager), 1992-1993 For Doubletree Hotels, Inc.: Gary Walton, 1993-1994 Terry Murphy, 1994- Related materials may be found in the following records groups in the University Archives: Chancellors' Records, Robert Burton House Series, Subseries 5 Records of the Associate Vice Chancellor for Business Records of the Board of Trustees (UNC), Subgroup 1: Minutes, vol. 12 (see entries for Nov. 2, 1922, and June 8, 1923) Records of the Construction Administration Department Records of the Facilities Planning and Design Office Records of the Vice Chancellor for Business and Finance See also Archibald Henderson, The Campus of the First State University, Chapel Hill, 1949; and Rachel Long, Building Notes: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 1993, both available in the North Carolina Collection. The Records of the Carolina Inn are divided into two subgroups: Administrative Files; and the Carolina Inn History Project. A description of contents prefaces the inventory of each subgroup. SUBGROUP 1: ADMINISTRATIVE FILES This subgroup contains records pertaining to the administration of the Carolina Inn beginning in the late 1940s. Though fragmentary, the records provide a detailed picture of finances and working conditions at the Inn during two segments of its past: the 1950s and early 1960s; and the years between 1988 and 1990. Records for the first period, which in some cases extend into the 1970s and 1980s, are particularly informative about the financial workings of the Inn's various departments under managers L. B. Rogerson and Carl Moser. These materials include sales analyses from the cafeteria and cigar stand, employee pay records, occupation-rate statistics for guest rooms, and expense and revenue ledgers for the hotel at large. A few miscellaneous items, such as menus, recipes, Christmas cards, and guest registers, vivify the picture presented by the financial data. The multi-volume logbook kept by front desk workers in the late 1980s offers lively images of a later era in the Inn's history. Instituted in the late 1980s by manager Ed Rehkopf, the logbooks were used by management and staff to make announcements, record problems, and communicate with desk workers on various shifts. They also provided a forum where the workers could vent their frustrations and make light of difficult situations. The results are often comical. For information on the history of the Carolina Inn buildings, see Building and Grounds: Development, Renovation, and Maintenance, below in this subgroup. Box 1: Alumni House: See Room Rentals Bryan Apartments: See Room Rentals Building and Grounds: Development, Renovation, and Maintenance (includes photocopies of early deeds that predate construction of the Inn), 1843-1899; 1922-1928; 1953-1973; 1982-1989; 1991 (See also Subgroup 2: Interviews: Fearrington, Joe; Hill, George Watts, Sr.; Kyser, Georgia; Perry, Velma, and Laura Reeves; and Vample, James "Sonny") Floor plans, [mid-1950s?]; 1970 Cigar Stand Sales Analysis and Purchases, 1954-1955 (See also Financial Records: Sales Tax Reports) Conferences and Conventions, 1982; 1989 (See also Subgroup 2: Interviews: Giduz, Roland; and Newspaper and Magazine Articles) Financial Records (See also Cigar Stand; Food Service; Room Rentals: Rates and Policies): General, 1954-1975 Disbursement Requests: Volume 1, 1 Jun. 1947 - 31 Dec. 1955 Volume 2, 9 Jan. 1956 - 30 Jun. 1972 Expense Ledgers and Subsidaries (Oversize. See Boxes 5 and 6): Volume 1, Sept. 1953 - Jun. 1954 (Box 5) Volume 2, Jul. 1954 - Jun. 1955 Volume 3, Jul. 1955 - Jun. 1956 Volume 4, Jul. 1956 - Jun. 1957 Volume 5, Jul. 1957 - Jun. 1959 Volume 6, Jul. 1959 - Jun. 1961 (Box 6) Volume 7, Jul. 1961 - Jun. 1962 Volume 8, Aug. 1962 - May 1966 Volume 9, Jul. 1962 - May 1970 Revenue Ledgers (Oversize. See Box 7): Volume 1, Jul. 1952 - Sept. 1958 Volume 2, Oct. 1958 - Dec. 1964 Volume 3, Jan. 1965 - Mar. 1971 Volume 4, Apr. 1971 - Feb. 1978 Revenue Statistics: Percentages by Source, 1953-1954 Services (Rooms Sold/Meals Served), 1952-1954 Salaries and Wages: General, 1951-1952; 1970-1973 Employee Pay Records: Volume 1, 7 Jul. 1950 - 25 May 1952 (Oversize. See Box 8) Volume 2, 8 Jul. 1951 - 28 Jun. 1953 (Oversize. See Box 9) Volume 3, 5 Jul. 1953 - 3 Jul. 1955 (Oversize. See Box 10) Lenoir Dining Hall Salaries and Wages Analysis, 1951 Sales Tax Reports, 1953-1954 Food Service (See also Financial Records: Disbursement Requests; Revenue Statistics; and Subgroup 2: Interviews: Davis, Luke; Simmons, David) General, 1970-1974 Bake Shop (See also Subgroup 2: Interviews: Parsell, Paul): Cost Analysis, Inventory, and Pricing, c. 1955-1956 Order Lists, 1955 Production and Operating Reports, n.d.; 1955 Recipes, [mid-1950s?] Cafeteria (See also Subgroup 2: Interviews: Haines, Harry Albert; Hinsdale, Charles Edwin; McCallum, Christine; Monroe, Lillie): Sales Analysis Control (Daily Reports), 1955 Sales Analysis Reports (by Meal), 1954-1955 Daily Summary Report for Food Cost, 1954 Dining Room and Catering Menus, c. 1950 - c. 1990 Personnel, 1980 Revenue (Cafeteria and Dining Room), 1953-1959 Front Desk Logbook (Instructions, comments, problems, and humor written by and for the front-desk staff. See also Subgroup 2: Interviews: Hackney, Glynn, and Ruthie Lawson; Nelson, John; Raxter, Cindy): Volume 1, 2 Nov. 1987 - 5 Apr. 1988 Volume 2, 3 Mar. - 19 Aug. 1988 Volume 3, 19 Aug. - 5 Dec. 1988 Volume 4, 5 Dec. 1988 - 12 Apr. 1989 Box 2: Volume 5, 12 Apr. - 25 Jul. 1989 Volume 6, 25 Jul. - 25 Oct. 1989 Volume 7, 26 Oct. 1989 - 9 Jan. 1990 Volume 8, 8 Jan. - 17 Apr. 1990 Volume 9, 17 Apr. - 27 Jul. 1990 Function Rooms: See Room Rentals: Rates and Policies; Photographs: Receptions and Banquets: Weddings) Guest Comment Cards, 1950-1953; 1961; 1989 Guest Registers: See Room Rentals: Guest Registers Housekeeping: See Personnel Policies and Procedures; and Subgroup 2: Interviews: Hughes, Jimmie F.; Perry, Velma, and Laura Reeves. North Carolina Writers Conference: See Conferences and Conventions Personnel Policies and Procedures (See also Financial Records: Salaries and Wages): General, 1956; 1962; 1968-1973; 1977 Notice to All Employees, 1959 (Oversize broadside. See Box 5) Publicity (Brochures, Christmas Cards, Postcards), 1950s - c. 1991 (See also Subgroup 2: Newpaper and Magazine Articles: Clippings; and Photographs: Personnel) Race Relations and Segregation: See Personnel Policies and Procedures; Subgroup 2: Interviews: Pollitt, Daniel Renovation and Remodelling: See Building and Grounds: Development, Renovation, and Maintenance Room Rentals: Bryan Apartments/Alumni House, 1940; 1970 (See also Subgroup 2: Interviews: Aden, John Michael and Marie; Giduz, Roland; Hudson, James Giles, Jr., and Jean; Peacock, William Henry, Jr., and Helen Virginia Miller Peacock) Guest Registers (Oversize. See Box 4. See also Guest Comment Cards above): Volume 1, 1949-1956 Volume 2, 1954-1962 Volume 3, 1959-1963 Rates and Policies: Function Rooms, [1950s?]; 1971-1974; 1978-1979 Guest Rooms, [1950s?]-1973; 1979-1982 Statistics: Numbers of Guests, 1953-1959 Sales of Rooms, 1953-1957 Unit Distribution, 1955-1960 Units Occupied, 1953-1960 Security Problems and Accidents, 1959; 1980; 1982-1991 (See also Subgroup 2: Interviews: Comar, Ned; Fearrington, Joe; Neal, Edward Max; Nelson, John; Perry, Velma, and Laura Reeves; Rehkopf, Edward N.; and Newspaper and Magazine Articles: Clippings) Self-Study, 1972 NOTE Oversize items in this subgroup are filed in separate boxes, as follows: Box 4: Guest Registers, Vols. 1-3 (1949-1963) Box 5: Notice to All Employees (broadside), 1959 Expense Ledgers and Subsidaries, Vols. 1-5 (Sept. 1953 - Jun. 1959) Box 6: Expense Ledgers and Subsidaries, Vols. 6-9 (Jul. 1959 - May 1970) Box 7: Revenue Ledgers, Vols. 1-4 (Jul. 1952 - Feb. 1978) Box 8: Employee Pay Records, Vol. 1 (7 Jul. 1950 - 25 May 1952) Box 9: Employee Pay Records, Vol. 2 (8 Jul. 1951 - 28 Jun. 1953) Box 10: Employee Pay Records, Vol. 3 (5 Jul. 1953 - 3 Jul. 1955) SUBGROUP 2: CAROLINA INN HISTORY PROJECT In the late 1980s, Gretchen Case, a UNC-CH student, and Maria Karres, a native of Chapel Hill, set out to write a book- length history of the Carolina Inn. Between January of 1989 and December of 1991, Case and Karres interviewed past and present Inn managers, employees, guests, and friends--in all, more than eighty people associated with the Inn from its inception to the eve of its transfer to private management. Case and Karres then used these individual recollections, along with newspaper articles and administrative records, to write a narrative history. An unpublished typescript of their text is preserved in this records group, as are materials that the women collected in the course of their research. These include correspondence, newspaper clippings and transcripts, photographs of the Inn and its staff, and written interviews with former Inn employees and guests. The interviews are especially rich in details about the Carolina Inn grounds and buildings, the cafeteria and dining halls during the 1940s and 1950s, and the lives of Inn workers and patrons. Approximately half of the interviews are available on audio tape. Consult staff for access. Box 2 (continued): Correspondence, 1989-1992 "Carolina Inn" (video-cassette recording, UA-V2); shelved separately; consult library staff for access History of the Carolina Inn (typescript) by Gretchen Case and Maria Karres, 1992 "The Inn Crown" (video-cassette recording, UA-V3); shelved separately; consult library staff for access Interviews (Note: An asterisk preceding the entry indicates that an audio tape is available in addition to the typed transcript. For access, consult staff. Some interview folders also contain correspondence and clippings): Aden, John Michael and Marie, Nov. 1989 *Babb, Wayne A., May 1990 Bolton, Elizabeth Grier, Aug. 1991 Boone, Samuel Moyle, Apr. 1990 Borgognoni, Mary (nee Mary Bynum Holmes), Mar. 1990 *Bozymski, Mary Kay, Jan. 1992 *Breckenridge, Jean, Mar. 1991 Carlisle, Douglas Hilton, Mar. 1990 Clay, James Baker, Aug. 1990 *Comar, Ned, Oct. 1989 Daniel, Robert Michael, Jan. 1991 *Davis, Luke, Apr. 1990 *Dawson, Alvin H., Jr., Sept. 1989 Drucker, Bertram Morris, Aug. 1990 Embry, Constance Ridout, Oct. - Nov. 1991 *Fearrington, Joe A., Jan. 1992 *Fordham, Christopher, Sept. 1989 Freedman, Joseph, Apr. - May 1990 *Friday, William, Sept. 1990 *Giduz, Roland, Nov. 1989 (See also Photographs) *Hackney, Glynn, and Ruthie Lawson, Dec. 1991 Haines, Harry Albert, May 1990 Hall, A. N., Oct. 1990 (See also Newspaper and Magazine Articles: Clippings) *Helvey-Hayes, Jacqueline, Jun. 1991 Helms, Worth M., Jun. 1991 Heym, Mary Parke (Note: This folder does not contain an interview but, rather, correspondence with and regarding Mary Parke Heym) 1961-1987; 1990 (See also Interviews: Bolton, Elizabeth Grier; Bozymski, Mary Kay; Weaver, James) *Hill, George Watts, Sr., Dec. 1987; Mar. 1990 Hilliard, Jack, Jan. 1990 *Hinsdale, Charles Edwin, May 1990 *Holleman, William Arnold, Sept. 1991 Holmes, Mary Bynum: See Borgognoni, Mary Hudson, James Giles, Jr., and Jean, Oct. - Dec. 1989 Hughes, Jimmie F., Feb. 1990 Hunt, Douglass, Oct. 1989 Hunt, William Lanier, late 1980s or early 1990s *Jacocks, Mr. and Mrs. Frank, Sept. 1990 Jacocks, William Picard: See Jacocks, Mr. and Mrs. Frank Jones, H. G., Dec. 1991 Kyser, Georgia, Aug. 1991 Lawson, Ruthie: See Hackney, Glynn, and Ruthie Lawson McCallum, Christine Boone, Aug. 1990 *McGirt, Pauline, Feb. 1990 McKissick, Floyd: See Pollitt, Daniel Miller, Daniel, Oct. - Dec. 1989 Milling, William, Dec. 1991 *Monroe, Lillie, Dec. 1989 (See also Peele, Carolyn E.) *Moser, Carl, Apr. 1990 (See also Newspaper and Magazine Articles: Clippings) *Neal, Edward Max, Jan. 1990 *Nelson, John, Apr. 1990 *Oettinger, Elmer Rosenthal, Jr., Sept. 1989; Nov. 1989 *Parker, Louise B., Feb. 1990 *Parsell, Paul, Sept. 1989 Peacock, William Henry, Jr., and Helen Virginia Miller Peacock, Sept. 1989 *Peele, Carolyn E., Sept. 1989 *Perry, Velma, and Laura Reeves, Sept. 1989 *Pollitt, Daniel, May 1991 *Powell, William, Feb. 1990 *Raxter, Cindy, Nov. 1989; Jan. 1990 Reeves, Laura: See Perry, Velma, and Laura Reeves *Rehkopf, Edward N., Jun. 1991 (See also Interviews: Hill, George Watts, Sr.; and Newspaper and Magazine Articles) Ridout, Constance: See Embry, Constance Ridout *Riggsbee, Vance, Dec. 1991 Box 3: Scott, Donald Bruce, Mar. - Apr. 1990 *Seymour, Robert, Sept. 1989 *Simmons, David, Aug. 1991 *Skinner, Sally, Apr. 1990 *Smith, Jordan M., Jan. 1990 *Stout, Robert M., Sept., 1989 *Vample, James ("Sonny"), Jan. 1990 *Walker, Leroy E., Jan. 1990 Wall, Bennett Harrison, Jul. 1990; Aug. 1990 *Watts, Gladys (Mrs. Walter A. Watts), Nov. 1990 *Weaver, James, Feb. 1990 (See also Interviews: Friday, William; Photographs: Personnel: Professional Waiters and Food-Service Staff; and Subgroup 1: Food Service: Personnel) *Wesseling, Eleanor, Nov. 1990 Winstead, Barden, Jr., Mar. 1990 Wooten, Carl C. ("Chris"), Jr., Feb. - Mar. 1990 Yawars, David, Nov. 1991 Newspaper and Magazine Articles: Clippings (photocopies), 1922-1991; 1995 Transcripts, late 1980s, from originals of 1923-1985 (Also available on tape. Consult staff.) Photographs (Note: An asterisk preceding an entry indicates that negatives are available for some photographs in the category designated. A small collection of photographic negatives for which there are no prints is also available. For access, consult staff.): *General, early 1960s; c. 1991 (See also Subgroup 1: Publicity; and Subgroup 2: History of the Carolina Inn; and Interviews: Giduz, Roland; Peacock, William Henry, Jr., and Helen Virginia Miller Peacock, Sept. 1989) *Carolina Inn Building (See also Interviews: Hill, George Watts, Sr.; and Perry, Velma, and Laura Reeves. Southern Historical Collection P-4061 [Arthur C. Nash], folder 2, contains additional photographs of the Inn): Exterior views: Cameron Avenue Facade, 1920s-1991 From Pittsboro Street and south side, [1950s]-c. 1991 From South Columbia Street, 1940-[1980s] Interior views (See also Interviews: Perry, Velma, and Laura Reeves): General, 1941-1954; 1977-1991 Cafeteria and Circus Parade Carvings, [c. 1948]-1991 (See also Newspaper and Magazine Articles: Clippings) Dining Rooms and Bar, [1960s]; 1991 (See also Interviews: Giduz, Roland; Helvey-Hayes, Jacqueline) *Personnel: General, [c. 1955-1991] Professional Waiters and Food-Service Staff, 1942- [1960s] (See also Interviews: McCallum, Christine; Weaver, James) Student Waiters, 1953-1962 (See also Interviews: Babb, Wayne A.; Helms, Worth N.) Receptions and Banquets (See also Interviews: Clay, James Baker; Hill, George Watts, Sr.; Friday, William; Weaver, James): Morehead Building, [1950s-1960s] *Weddings, 1952-[c. 1956] INTERVIEWS AVAILABLE ON AUDIO TAPE Tape No. Interviewee 1-6 Newspaper Transcripts 34 Babb, Wayne A. 7 Bozymski, Mary Kay 22 Breckenridge, Jean 45b Comar, Ned 36 Davis, Luke 31 Dawson, Alvin H., Jr. 8 Fearrington, Joe A. 38a Fordham, Christopher 43a Friday, William 51a Giduz, Roland 50b, 51b Hackney, Glynn, and Ruthie Lawson 46-47a Helvey-Hayes, Jacqueline 13 Hill, George Watts, Sr. 29 Hinsdale, Charles Edwin 42b, 43b Holleman, William Arnold 37a Jacocks, Mr. and Mrs. Frank 35 McGirt, Pauline 23 Monroe, Lillie 32-33 Moser, Carl 19 Neal, Edward Max 49-50a Nelson, John 20-21 Oettinger, Elmer Rosenthal, Jr. 39, 40b Parker, Louise B. 44a Parsell, Paul 44b, 45a Peele, Carolyn E. 14 Perry, Velma, and Laura Reeves 15 Pollitt, Daniel 40a Powell, William 16-18 Raxter, Cindy 47b, 48b Rehkopf, Edward N. 37b Riggsbee, Vance 38b Seymour, Robert 41-42a Simmons, David 11-12 Skinner, Sally 26-27 Smith, Jordan M. 48a Stout, Robert M. 28 Vample, James ("Sonny") 30 Walker, Leroy E. 24 Watts, Gladys (Mrs. Walter A. Watts) 9-10 Weaver, James 25 Wesseling, Eleanor